Haploinsufficiency of the 22q11.2 microdeletion gene Mrpl40 disrupts short-term synaptic plasticity and working memory through dysregulation of mitochondrial calcium.

Haploinsufficiency of the 22q11.2 microdeletion gene Mrpl40 disrupts short-term synaptic plasticity and working memory through dysregulation of mitochondrial calcium.
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DOI:
10.1038/mp.2016.75
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发表时间:
2017-09
影响因子:
11
通讯作者:
Zakharenko, S. S.
Zakharenko, S. S.
中科院分区:
医学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Devaraju, P.;Yu, J.;Eddins, D.;Mellado-Lagarde, M. M.;Earls, L. R.;Westmoreland, J. J.;Quarato, G.;Green, D. R.;Zakharenko, S. S.

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22号染色体上1.5到3兆碱基区域的半合子缺失导致22q11.2缺失综合征(22q11DS),这是精神分裂症最强的遗传风险之一。22q11DS的小鼠模型具有异常的短期突触可塑性,导致与精神分裂症相似的工作记忆缺陷。我们筛选了携带22q11DS基因半合子缺失的突变小鼠,并将Mrp140(线粒体大核糖体亚基蛋白40)的单倍不足确定为异常短时程增强(STP)的贡献者,STP是短时程突触可塑性的主要形式。在突触前胞质溶胶或线粒体中表达的遗传编码的荧光钙指示剂GCaMP6的双光子成像显示,Mrpl40单倍不足通过受损的钙从线粒体基质通过线粒体渗透性转换孔的挤出来使STP失调。这导致突触前末梢的胞浆钙瞬变异常高,工作记忆不足,但不影响长期空间记忆。因此,我们提出线粒体钙失调是精神分裂症认知缺陷的一种新的致病机制。
Hemizygous deletion of a 1.5- to 3-megabase region on chromosome 22 causes 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS), which constitutes one of the strongest genetic risks for schizophrenia. Mouse models of 22q11DS have abnormal short-term synaptic plasticity that contributes to working-memory deficiencies similar to those in schizophrenia. We screened mutant mice carrying hemizygous deletions of 22q11DS genes and identified haploinsufficiency of Mrpl40 (mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit protein 40) as a contributor to abnormal short-term potentiation (STP), a major form of short-term synaptic plasticity. Two-photon imaging of the genetically encoded fluorescent calcium indicator GCaMP6, expressed in presynaptic cytosol or mitochondria, showed that Mrpl40 haploinsufficiency deregulates STP via impaired calcium extrusion from the mitochondrial matrix through the mitochondrial permeability transition pore. This led to abnormally high cytosolic calcium transients in presynaptic terminals and deficient working memory but did not affect long-term spatial memory. Thus, we propose that mitochondrial calcium deregulation is a novel pathogenic mechanism of cognitive deficiencies in schizophrenia.
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