Arbitration of Approach-Avoidance Conflict by Ventral Hippocampus.
Arbitration of Approach-Avoidance Conflict by Ventral Hippocampus.
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DOI：
10.3389/fnins.2020.615337
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Barker JM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bryant KG;Barker JM
当环境线索或刺激，代表奖励和厌恶的结果，必须进行复杂的计算，以确定是否接近或回避是更好的行为策略。在许多神经精神疾病中，这些计算可能会出现偏差。在某些情况下，正常情况下可能需要回避的情况反而会促进接近，从而产生强迫性的行为策略，这些策略在应对新的或相互矛盾的信息时是不灵活的。或者，对厌恶的高度敏感性或对奖励的低敏感性可能导致无法实现目标和丧失弹性，这是抑郁症的特征。强迫性行为的增加被发现与调节对冲突刺激的反应的区域（包括海马体）中的信号中断有关。经典的行为抑制理论认为海马在焦虑中的作用是阻止对焦虑相关线索或刺激的异常行为。海马体可能会在面对冲突刺激时阻止接近。海马功能失调，可能存在于神经精神疾病，因此可能会促进异常的方法行为。腹侧海马（vHPC）子区域是协调这种方法/避免冲突解决的关键，可能是通过其参与皮质纹状体和中脑边缘回路。我们重新审视格雷的HPC功能的行为抑制理论，首先在20世纪80年代提出，并解释通过现代技术获得的vHPC功能的新知识的背景下。与现存的，经典的文献海马功能，我们提出，这些新的研究结果表明，vHPC电路平衡行为反应冲突的刺激的方式，是状态和上下文相关的，而且，具体的vHPC电路的中断提示有利于有偏见的方法或避免行为策略的平衡。
When environmental cues or stimuli that represent both rewarding and aversive outcomes are presented, complex computations must be made in order to determine whether approach or avoidance is the better behavioral strategy. In many neuropsychiatric illnesses these computations can be skewed. In some instances, circumstances that may normally warrant avoidance instead promote approach, thus producing compulsive-like behavioral strategies that are inflexible in response to new or conflicting information. Alternatively, high sensitivity to aversion or low sensitivity to reward can result in the failure to achieve goals and loss of resilience that characterizes depressive disorders. Increases in compulsive-like behavior have been found to be associated with disrupted signaling in regions that regulate response to conflicting stimuli, including the hippocampus. Classic behavioral inhibition theories of hippocampus function in anxiety suggest that the hippocampus blocks aberrant behavior in response to anxiety related cues or stimuli. The hippocampus may act to block approach in the face of conflicting stimuli. Dysregulations of hippocampal function, as may be present in neuropsychiatric disorders, may therefore promote aberrant approach behavior. The ventral hippocampus (vHPC) subregion is key for coordinating this approach/avoidance conflict resolution, likely through its participation with cortico-striatal and mesolimbic circuits. We revisit Gray's behavioral inhibition theory of HPC function, first posited in the 1980s, and interpret in the context of new knowledge on vHPC function gained through modern technology. Taken together with the extant, classical literature on hippocampal function, we propose that these new findings suggest that vHPC circuits balance behavioral response to conflicting stimuli in a manner that is both state- and context-dependent and, further, that disruption of specific vHPC circuits tips the balance in favor of biased approach or avoidance behavioral strategies.
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