Threshold of adulthood for the onset of nicotine self-administration in male and female rats.
Threshold of adulthood for the onset of nicotine self-administration in male and female rats.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.bbr.2011.08.005
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发表时间：
2011-12-01
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Rezvani, Amir H.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Levin, Edward D.;Slade, Susan;Wells, Corinne;Cauley, Marty;Petro, Ann;Vendittelli, Analise;Johnson, Michael;Williams, Paul;Horton, Kofi;Rezvani, Amir H.
绝大多数烟草成瘾始于青少年时期。越来越多的重度烟瘾者开始吸烟的时间更早，但是区分青少年时期尼古丁自我服用对神经行为的影响与自我选择偏见（更倾向于重度烟瘾的人开始吸烟的时间也更早）在人类身上并不能从伦理上解决问题。本研究的目的是确定成人样尼古丁自我服用的年龄阈值，并确定性别差异。雄性和雌性Sprague-Dawley大鼠在4、5、6、7和8周龄时开始进行尼古丁自我给药测试，按照FR1计划，每次45分钟静脉注射尼古丁（0.03 mg/kg/输注），持续两周，其中一周强制戒断，一周恢复。这项研究重复了我们早期的工作，即尼古丁自我摄入在青春期大鼠中比成年大鼠增加，并且在青春期雄性大鼠中效果更明显，但在青春期发病的雌性大鼠中，尼古丁自我摄入的增加更持久。成人样行为的年龄阈值为6-7周龄。当自我给药的固定比例要求降低时，青少年开始的尼古丁自我给药具有持续的尼古丁自我给药的缓慢增加效应。在青春期开始尼古丁自我摄入的雌性大鼠在从FR8切换回FR1后，尼古丁自我摄入的增加幅度被夸大了，这表明它们对自我摄入的控制减弱了。青少年开始的尼古丁自我给药没有发现增强可卡因自我给药。青春期开始的尼古丁自我给药导致雌性大鼠的尼古丁自我给药持续增加，甚至在它们成年后也会破坏对自我给药行为的控制。
The great majority of tobacco addiction begins during adolescence. More heavily addicted smokers begin smoking earlier, but differentiating the neurobehavioral impact of nicotine self-administration during adolescence from self-selection bias (whereby people more prone to heavy addiction also begin earlier) cannot be ethically unconfounded in humans. The goals of this research were to determine the age threshold for the adult-like nicotine self-administration and determine sex differences. Male and female Sprague-Dawley rats were tested for nicotine self-administration starting at 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 weeks of age in an operant FR1 schedule for IV nicotine (0.03 mg/kg/infusion) in 45-minute sessions for two weeks, with one week of enforced abstinence and one week of resumed access. This study replicated our earlier work that nicotine self-administration was increased in adolescent vs. adult rats and that the effect was more pronounced in adolescent males, but the increased nicotine self-administration was more persistent in adolescent-onset females. The age threshold for adult-like behavior was 6–7 weeks of age. Adolescent-onset nicotine self-administration had persisting effects of eggaurated increases of nicotine self-administration when fixed-ratio requirements for self-administration were lowered. Female rats that had begun nicotine self-administration during adolescence showed exaggerated increases in nicotine self-administration after a switch back to FR1 from FR8, indicating a lessened control over their self-administration. Adolescent-onset nicotine self-administration was not found to potentiate cocaine self-administration. Adolescent-onset nicotine self-administration causes persistent increases in nicotine self-administration in female rats even after they reach adulthood and disrupts control over self-administration behavior.
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影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Feltenstein, Matthew W.;Byrd, Elizabeth A.;See, Ronald E.
通讯作者：
See, Ronald E.
影响因子：
12.7
作者：
Breslau, N;Peterson, EL
通讯作者：
Peterson, EL
DOI：
10.1016/j.devbrainres.2004.08.004
发表时间：
2004-11-25
期刊：
DEVELOPMENTAL BRAIN RESEARCH
影响因子：
--
作者：
Collins, SL;Montano, R;Izenwasser, S
通讯作者：
Izenwasser, S
影响因子：
3.4
作者：
Chaudhri, N;Caggiula, AR;Perkins, KA
通讯作者：
Perkins, KA
影响因子：
3.6
作者：
Elliott, BM;Faraday, MM;Grunberg, NE
通讯作者：
Grunberg, NE