Mechanical stress combines with planar polarised patterning during metaphase to orient embryonic epithelial cell divisions

Mechanical stress combines with planar polarised patterning during metaphase to orient embryonic epithelial cell divisions
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机械应力与中期的平面偏振图案相结合,以定向胚胎上皮细胞分裂

DOI:
10.1101/2023.07.12.548728
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发表时间:
2023
期刊:
--
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Blanchard G
Blanchard G
中科院分区:
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文献类型:
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作者:
Blanchard G

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细胞分裂的平面方向(OCD)对于上皮的形态发生和动态平衡是重要的。在这里,我们问机械和前后方(AP)模式如何结合在一起影响果蝇胚胎上皮原肠形成后的第一次分裂。我们分析了数百个细胞分裂,并表明应力各向异性,特别是来自压缩力的各向异性,可以在中期直接重新定向分裂。应力各向异性通过施加中期细胞伸长来影响强迫症,尽管有丝分裂圆形,并覆盖间期细胞伸长。在强烈伸长的细胞中,有丝分裂纺锤体的长度与细胞长轴相适应,因此其取向受到细胞长轴的限制。除了机械线索,我们发现有丝分裂纺锤体方向在整个组织范围内偏向于AP图案的平面极化肌球蛋白-II。这种纺锤体偏向在AP模式突变体中消失。因此,在适度伸长的细胞中,图案化诱导的有丝分裂纺锤体取向偏向优先于机械信号,而在强烈伸长的细胞中,纺锤体被限制在靠近高应力轴的位置。
The planar orientation of cell division (OCD) is important for epithelial morphogenesis and homeostasis. Here, we ask how mechanics and antero-posterior (AP) patterning combine to influence the first divisions after gastrulation in the Drosophila embryonic epithelium. We analyse hundreds of cell divisions and show that stress anisotropy, notably from compressive forces, can reorient division directly in metaphase. Stress anisotropy influences the OCD by imposing metaphase cell elongation, despite mitotic rounding, and overrides interphase cell elongation. In strongly elongated cells, the mitotic spindle adapts its length to, and hence its orientation is constrained by, the cell long axis. Alongside mechanical cues, we find a tissue-wide bias of the mitotic spindle orientation towards AP-patterned planar polarised Myosin-II. This spindle bias is lost in an AP-patterning mutant. Thus, a patterning-induced mitotic spindle orientation bias overrides mechanical cues in mildly elongated cells, whereas in strongly elongated cells the spindle is constrained close to the high stress axis.
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