The Role of Variability in Motor Learning.

The Role of Variability in Motor Learning.
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DOI:
10.1146/annurev-neuro-072116-031548
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发表时间:
2017-07-25
影响因子:
13.9
通讯作者:
Ölveczky BP
Ölveczky BP
中科院分区:
医学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Dhawale AK;Smith MA;Ölveczky BP

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在运动和运动技能的执行中,试验与试验的差异是普遍存在的,并且被广泛认为是“嘈杂的”神经系统的不必要的后果。然而,最近的研究表明,运动变异性也可能是感觉运动系统如何运作和学习的一个特征。这种观点植根于强化学习理论,将运动变异性等同于对运动空间的有目的探索,当与强化相结合时,可以驱动运动学习。在这里,我们回顾研究,探讨运动变异性和运动学习之间的关系,在人类和动物模型。我们讨论了神经回路机制的产生和调节的运动变异性,并考虑这项工作的影响,我们对运动学习的理解。
Trial-to-trial variability in the execution of movements and motor skills is ubiquitous, and widely considered to be the unwanted consequence of a ‘noisy’ nervous system. However, recent studies have suggested that motor variability may also be a feature of how sensorimotor systems operate and learn. This view, rooted in reinforcement learning theory, equates motor variability with purposeful exploration of motor space that, when coupled with reinforcement, can drive motor learning. Here we review studies that explore the relationship between motor variability and motor learning both in humans and animal models. We discuss neural circuit mechanisms that underlie the generation and regulation of motor variability and consider the implications that this work has for our understanding of motor learning.
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