An Analysis of Predator Selection to Affect Aposematic Coloration in a Poison Frog Species.
An Analysis of Predator Selection to Affect Aposematic Coloration in a Poison Frog Species.
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对捕食者的选择分析，以影响毒蛙种类的序言。
DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0130571
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Pröhl H
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dreher CE;Cummings ME;Pröhl H
自然选择被广泛认为会导致表型性状的分化。捕食压力可以促进形态分化，例如动物神秘和显眼颜色的进化。在这种情况下，Dendrobatid 青蛙已被用来研究诱导保护色多样性的进化力量。多型草莓毒蛙（Oophaga pumilio）在种群之间的警戒颜色表现出很大的差异。为了调查捕食压力是否对 O. pumilio 种群之间的颜色差异很重要，我们选择了四个大陆种群和来自哥斯达黎加和巴拿马的两个岛屿种群。身体颜色的光谱测量被用来计算青蛙的颜色和亮度对比，作为几种潜在捕食者（鸟类、螃蟹和蛇）和同种观察者视觉系统显着性的指标。此外，我们使用不同颜色的粘土模型青蛙进行了实验，以研究青蛙的局部颜色是否比非局部颜色变形得到更好的保护，以及捕食者群落是否因种群而异。总体捕食风险在种群之间差异很大，有趣的是两个岛屿种群的捕食风险更高。粘土模型上的印记表明鸟类是主要的掠食者，而其他掠食者的攻击很少见。此外，局部着色的粘土模型与非局部着色的粘土模型同样可能受到攻击。当地青蛙的整体显着性（和亮度对比度）与种群中鸟类的攻击率呈正相关。结合早期研究的结果，我们得出结论，引人注目确实表明对鸟类捕食者具有毒性。草莓毒蛙种群之间不同的颜色模式与行为和毒性相结合，可能会根据当地的捕食和其他生态因素整合到同样有效的反捕食者策略中。
Natural selection is widely noted to drive divergence of phenotypic traits. Predation pressure can facilitate morphological divergence, for example the evolution of both cryptic and conspicuous coloration in animals. In this context Dendrobatid frogs have been used to study evolutionary forces inducing diversity in protective coloration. The polytypic strawberry poison frog (Oophaga pumilio) shows strong divergence in aposematic coloration among populations. To investigate whether predation pressure is important for color divergence among populations of O. pumilio we selected four mainland populations and two island populations from Costa Rica and Panama. Spectrometric measurements of body coloration were used to calculate color and brightness contrasts of frogs as an indicator of conspicuousness for the visual systems of several potential predators (avian, crab and snake) and a conspecific observer. Additionally, we conducted experiments using clay model frogs of different coloration to investigate whether the local coloration of frogs is better protected than non-local color morphs, and if predator communities vary among populations. Overall predation risk differed strongly among populations and interestingly was higher on the two island populations. Imprints on clay models indicated that birds are the main predators while attacks of other predators were rare. Furthermore, clay models of local coloration were equally likely to be attacked as those of non-local coloration. Overall conspicuousness (and brightness contrast) of local frogs was positively correlated with attack rates by birds across populations. Together with results from earlier studies we conclude that conspicuousness honestly indicates toxicity to avian predators. The different coloration patterns among populations of strawberry poison frogs in combination with behavior and toxicity might integrate into equally efficient anti-predator strategies depending on local predation and other ecological factors.
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影响因子：
2.9
作者：
Maan, Martine E.;Cummings, Molly E.
通讯作者：
Cummings, Molly E.
影响因子：
3.9
作者：
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通讯作者：
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作者：
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1095-8312.2009.01217.x
发表时间：
2009-08-01
影响因子：
1.9
作者：
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通讯作者：
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作者：
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通讯作者：
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