Nonrandom distribution of vector ticks (Dermacentor variabilis) infected by Francisella tularensis.
Nonrandom distribution of vector ticks (Dermacentor variabilis) infected by Francisella tularensis.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.ppat.1000319
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发表时间：
2009-02
期刊：
影响因子：
6.7
通讯作者：
Telford SR 3rd
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Goethert HK;Telford SR 3rd
马萨诸塞州的玛莎葡萄园岛是由土拉热弗朗西斯菌引起的土拉热持续爆发的地点。狗蜱，Dermacentor variabilis，似乎是在那里的代理永久化的关键。土拉菌病长期以来被认为是一种自然局灶性病原体，在特征性传播部位持续稳定存在，但这一说法从未经过严格检验。因此，我们试图通过绘制PCR阳性蜱虫的分布图来确定兔热病病原体传播的自然疫源地。从2004年到2007年，在D.在玛莎葡萄园岛的一个野外地点，沿着沿着1.5 km的样带，从85个单独的航点收集变异。然后使用ArcGIS绘制PCR阳性蜱虫的位置。聚类分析确定了一个直径约为290米的区域，9个航点，与现场其他区域相比，该区域更有可能产生PCR阳性蜱虫（相对风险3.3，P = 0.001）。 F.利用PCR阳性蜱的可变数目串联重复序列（VNTR）分析tularensis，得到13种不同的单倍型，其中绝大多数是一种显性单倍型。在集群中收集到的阳性蜱比从该样带的其他地方收集到的蜱具有不常见单倍型的可能性高3.4倍（相对风险=3.4，P<0.0001）。 我们的结论是，我们已经确定了一个微焦点的代理土拉菌稳定永存，这方面是遗传多样性的产生。我们提出的证据，第一次，该代理土拉菌持续在微病灶至少四年。现有的文献暗示了这种细菌的自然nidality及其在自然界中长期生存的重要性，但迄今为止描述的“自然疫源地”定义非常模糊，分析不足，规模比我们描述的要大得多。此外，我们证明了这样一个焦点，通过使用现代GIS方法，以及通过细菌DNA的遗传聚类分析。因此，这项工作有助于我们了解兔热病的病原体如何长期存在。此外，本文作为一个范例，用于分析生态学的其他媒介传播的感染，特别是，证明其在环境中的长期持久性的模式。
The island of Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts, is the site of a sustained outbreak of tularemia due to Francisella tularensis tularensis. Dog ticks, Dermacentor variabilis, appear to be critical in the perpetuation of the agent there. Tularemia has long been characterized as an agent of natural focality, stably persisting in characteristic sites of transmission, but this suggestion has never been rigorously tested. Accordingly, we sought to identify a natural focus of transmission of the agent of tularemia by mapping the distribution of PCR-positive ticks. From 2004 to 2007, questing D. variabilis were collected from 85 individual waypoints along a 1.5 km transect in a field site on Martha's Vineyard. The positions of PCR-positive ticks were then mapped using ArcGIS. Cluster analysis identified an area approximately 290 meters in diameter, 9 waypoints, that was significantly more likely to yield PCR-positive ticks (relative risk 3.3, P = 0.001) than the rest of the field site. Genotyping of F. tularensis using variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) analysis on PCR-positive ticks yielded 13 different haplotypes, the vast majority of which was one dominant haplotype. Positive ticks collected in the cluster were 3.4 times (relative risk = 3.4, P<0.0001) more likely to have an uncommon haplotype than those collected elsewhere from the transect. We conclude that we have identified a microfocus where the agent of tularemia stably perpetuates and that this area is where genetic diversity is generated. We present evidence, for the first time, that the agent of tularemia persists in microfoci for at least four years. The existing literature alludes to the natural nidality of this bacterium and the importance thereof in its long-term survival in nature, but “natural foci” that have been described to date have been very nebulously defined, poorly analyzed, and at a scale much larger than what we describe. In addition, we demonstrate such a focus by using modern GIS methods as well as by genetic cluster analysis of bacterial DNA. The work, therefore, contributes to our understanding of how the agent of tularemia perpetuates over the long term. Furthermore, this paper serves as a paradigm for analyzing the ecology of other vector-borne infections and, in particular, demonstrating the mode of their long-term persistence in the environment.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.trstmh.2004.06.010
发表时间：
2005-03
影响因子：
2.2
作者：
Polack SR;Solomon AW;Alexander ND;Massae PA;Safari S;Shao JF;Foster A;Mabey DC
通讯作者：
Mabey DC
影响因子：
1.3
作者：
Greenwood, RJ;Newton, WE;Schamber, GJ
通讯作者：
Schamber, GJ
DOI：
10.1196/annals.1409.013
发表时间：
2007-01-01
期刊：
FRANCISELLA TULARENSIS: BIOLOGY, PATHOGENICITY, EPIDEMIOLOGY, AND BIODEFENSE
影响因子：
--
作者：
Matyas, Bela I.;Nieder, Henry S.;Telford, Sam R., III
通讯作者：
Telford, Sam R., III
影响因子：
0.8
作者：
Kulldorff, M
通讯作者：
Kulldorff, M
土拉弗氏菌在蓖麻棘球蚴中的存活和生长
影响因子：
4.4
作者：
Abd, H;Johansson, T;Forsman, M
通讯作者：
Forsman, M