Anthropogenic habitat disturbance and ecological divergence between incipient species of the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae.
Anthropogenic habitat disturbance and ecological divergence between incipient species of the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0039453
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发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Costantini C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kamdem C;Tene Fossog B;Simard F;Etouna J;Ndo C;Kengne P;Boussès P;Etoa FX;Awono-Ambene P;Fontenille D;Antonio-Nkondjio C;Besansky NJ;Costantini C
人类活动对生境的干扰是目前地球生物多样性减少趋势的主要原因。在这里，我们表明，人类对中非雨林的足迹，这是导致森林砍伐和人口稠密的城市聚集体的增长，与生态分歧和神秘的物种形成，导致适应性辐射内的主要疟疾蚊子冈比亚按蚊。在喀麦隆南部，两种分子形式的频率-M和S-其中生殖隔离是强大的，但仍然不完整，与城市化指数提取的遥感数据，表示为在每个采样单元的建成表面的比例。这两种形式显着隔离沿着城市化梯度，形成一个双峰渐变的106公里宽：S型是唯一的农村栖息地，而只有M型是目前在密集的城市化设置的核心，共同发生在同一污染的幼虫栖息地的南部家蚊致倦库蚊的物种协会，历史上没有记录。我们的研究结果表明，当人类创造新的栖息地和生态异质性，他们可以提供进化的机会，快速适应生态位的变化与谱系分歧，其后果对疟疾传播可能是显着的。
Anthropogenic habitat disturbance is a prime cause in the current trend of the Earth’s reduction in biodiversity. Here we show that the human footprint on the Central African rainforest, which is resulting in deforestation and growth of densely populated urban agglomerates, is associated to ecological divergence and cryptic speciation leading to adaptive radiation within the major malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae. In southern Cameroon, the frequency of two molecular forms–M and S–among which reproductive isolation is strong but still incomplete, was correlated to an index of urbanisation extracted from remotely sensed data, expressed as the proportion of built-up surface in each sampling unit. The two forms markedly segregated along an urbanisation gradient forming a bimodal cline of ∼6-km width: the S form was exclusive to the rural habitat, whereas only the M form was present in the core of densely urbanised settings, co-occurring at times in the same polluted larval habitats of the southern house mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus–a species association that was not historically recorded before. Our results indicate that when humans create novel habitats and ecological heterogeneities, they can provide evolutionary opportunities for rapid adaptive niche shifts associated with lineage divergence, whose consequences upon malaria transmission might be significant.
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影响因子：
3.8
作者：
della Torre, A;Tu, ZJ;Petrarca, V
通讯作者：
Petrarca, V
影响因子：
56.9
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Quinn, TP
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Watt, AD
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56.9
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Petrarca, V