How morphological development can guide evolution.

How morphological development can guide evolution.
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DOI:
10.1038/s41598-018-31868-7
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发表时间:
2018-09-17
期刊:
影响因子:
4.6
通讯作者:
Bongard J
Bongard J
中科院分区:
综合性期刊3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Kriegman S;Cheney N;Bongard J

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生物体是不同时间尺度相互作用的适应性过程的结果。其中一种相互作用是发展与进化之间的相互作用。模型表明,发育会影响单个个体的多个特征,有时会暴露出有希望的静态特征。随后的进化可以疏导这些罕见的特征。因此,在适当的条件下,发展可以提高可进化性。在这里,我们报告了一个以前未知的现象,当实体主体被允许发展和进化时:进化发现身体计划对控制变化具有鲁棒性,这些身体计划在基因上被同化,但这些主体的控制者却没有被同化。这使得进化能够通过在这些宽松的身体计划中修改控制器的发育程序来继续攀登健身梯度。这暴露了有关鲍德温效应的一个先前未知的细节:不是所有有用的特征都被基因同化,而是只有那些使代理对其他特征的变化具有鲁棒性的特征才会被同化。我们将其称为差别渠化。这一发现对于机器人等人工和实体代理的进化设计也具有影响:对其控制器的内部变化具有鲁棒性的机器人也可能对其环境的外部变化具有鲁棒性,例如从模拟到现实的转移或在新环境中的部署。
Organisms result from adaptive processes interacting across different time scales. One such interaction is that between development and evolution. Models have shown that development sweeps over several traits in a single agent, sometimes exposing promising static traits. Subsequent evolution can then canalize these rare traits. Thus, development can, under the right conditions, increase evolvability. Here, we report on a previously unknown phenomenon when embodied agents are allowed to develop and evolve: Evolution discovers body plans robust to control changes, these body plans become genetically assimilated, yet controllers for these agents are not assimilated. This allows evolution to continue climbing fitness gradients by tinkering with the developmental programs for controllers within these permissive body plans. This exposes a previously unknown detail about the Baldwin effect: instead of all useful traits becoming genetically assimilated, only traits that render the agent robust to changes in other traits become assimilated. We refer to this as differential canalization. This finding also has implications for the evolutionary design of artificial and embodied agents such as robots: robots robust to internal changes in their controllers may also be robust to external changes in their environment, such as transferal from simulation to reality or deployment in novel environments.
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