The innate immune repertoire in cnidaria--ancestral complexity and stochastic gene loss.
The innate immune repertoire in cnidaria--ancestral complexity and stochastic gene loss.
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DOI：
10.1186/gb-2007-8-4-r59
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发表时间：
2007
期刊：
影响因子：
12.3
通讯作者：
Bosch, Thomas C. G.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Miller, David J.;Hemmrich, Georg;Ball, Eldon E.;Hayward, David C.;Khalturin, Konstantin;Funayama, Noriko;Agata, Kiyokazu;Bosch, Thomas C. G.
对蛇类可利用的基因组资源的分析表明，脊椎动物天然免疫系统的几个关键成分存在于基本蛇类纲的代表中，但在水母纲的九头蛇中缺失，这表明天然免疫系统的许多组成部分都来自古老的起源。对现存的线虫的先天免疫系统的描述具有基本和应用两方面的兴趣--它不仅提供了对所有动物共同祖先的基本免疫“工具包”的洞察，而且对于理解目前正在发生的全球珊瑚礁的减少也可能是重要的。最近，两种线虫的全基因组序列已经可以获得，这些动物和珊瑚千足虫都有大的表达序列标签(EST)数据集。为了更好地了解线虫天然免疫的基础，我们扫描了现有的EST和基因组资源，以寻找脊椎动物天然免疫谱系的一些关键成分，重点是Toll/Toll样受体(TLR)和补体途径。一个典型的Toll/TLR途径存在于珊瑚虫的基本类群中，但在珊瑚虫水母中既没有发现经典的Toll/TLR受体，也没有发现传统的核因子(NF)-κB。此外，补体C3和几种膜攻击复合体/穿孔素域(MAC/PF)蛋白的检测表明，珊瑚虫中可能存在典型的补体效应途径，而水生动物中不存在。结合其他几个基因家族的数据，这表明九头蛇在进化过程中可能经历了大量的次级基因丢失。然而，这种丢失并不局限于九头蛇，而且似乎至少有一个MAC/PF基因在线虫中丢失了。对这些基因分布模式的考虑强调了在动物进化过程中基因丢失的可能意义，同时也表明了脊椎动物先天免疫系统的许多组成部分的古老起源。
Analysis of genomic resources available for cnidarians revealed that several key components of the vertebrate innate immune repertoire are present in representatives of the basal cnidarian class Anthozoa, but are missing in Hydra, a member of the class Hydrozoa, indicating ancient origins for many components of the innate immune system. Characterization of the innate immune repertoire of extant cnidarians is of both fundamental and applied interest - it not only provides insights into the basic immunological 'tool kit' of the common ancestor of all animals, but is also likely to be important in understanding the global decline of coral reefs that is presently occurring. Recently, whole genome sequences became available for two cnidarians, Hydra magnipapillata and Nematostella vectensis, and large expressed sequence tag (EST) datasets are available for these and for the coral Acropora millepora. To better understand the basis of innate immunity in cnidarians, we scanned the available EST and genomic resources for some of the key components of the vertebrate innate immune repertoire, focusing on the Toll/Toll-like receptor (TLR) and complement pathways. A canonical Toll/TLR pathway is present in representatives of the basal cnidarian class Anthozoa, but neither a classic Toll/TLR receptor nor a conventional nuclear factor (NF)-κB could be identified in the anthozoan Hydra. Moreover, the detection of complement C3 and several membrane attack complex/perforin domain (MAC/PF) proteins suggests that a prototypic complement effector pathway may exist in anthozoans, but not in hydrozoans. Together with data for several other gene families, this implies that Hydra may have undergone substantial secondary gene loss during evolution. Such losses are not confined to Hydra, however, and at least one MAC/PF gene appears to have been lost from Nematostella. Consideration of these patterns of gene distribution underscores the likely significance of gene loss during animal evolution whilst indicating ancient origins for many components of the vertebrate innate immune system.
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影响因子：
3.5
作者：
CHADWICKFURMAN, N;RINKEVICH, B
通讯作者：
RINKEVICH, B
影响因子：
2.7
作者：
de Jong, Danielle M.;Hislop, Nikki R.;Miller, David J.
通讯作者：
Miller, David J.
影响因子：
2.6
作者：
Collins, AG;Cartwright, P;Schierwater, B
通讯作者：
Schierwater, B
影响因子：
5.6
作者：
Gough, J;Karplus, K;Chothia, C
通讯作者：
Chothia, C
影响因子：
6.2
作者：
HILDEMANN, WH;JOKIEL, PL;JOHNSTON, IS
通讯作者：
JOHNSTON, IS