Addressing the Challenge of Biomedical Data Inequality: An Artificial Intelligence Perspective.

Addressing the Challenge of Biomedical Data Inequality: An Artificial Intelligence Perspective.
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DOI:
10.1146/annurev-biodatasci-020722-020704
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发表时间:
2023-08-10
期刊:
Annual review of biomedical data science
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人工智能(AI)和其他数据驱动技术有望改变医疗保健,并赋予精确医学必不可少的预测能力。然而,现有的生物医学数据是开发医学人工智能模型的重要资源和基础,并没有反映出人类群体的多样性。生物医学数据中的低代表性已成为非欧洲人口的重大健康风险,人工智能的日益应用为这种健康风险的表现和放大开辟了一条新的途径。在这里,我们回顾了生物医学数据不平等的现状,并提出了一个概念框架,以了解其对机器学习的影响。我们还讨论了在算法干预方面的最新进展,以缓解由于生物医学数据不平等而产生的健康差距。最后,我们简要讨论了新发现的种族之间数据质量的差异及其对机器学习的潜在影响。
Artificial intelligence (AI) and other data-driven technologies hold great promise to transform healthcare and confer the predictive power essential to precision medicine. However, the existing biomedical data, which are a vital resource and foundation for developing medical AI models, do not reflect the diversity of the human population. The low representation in biomedical data has become a significant health risk for non-European populations, and the growing application of AI opens a new pathway for this health risk to manifest and amplify. Here we review the current status of biomedical data inequality and present a conceptual framework for understanding its impacts on machine learning. We also discuss the recent advances in algorithmic interventions for mitigating health disparities arising from biomedical data inequality. Finally, we briefly discuss the newly identified disparity in data quality among ethnic groups and its potential impacts on machine learning.
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