A chimpanzee recognizes synthetic speech with significantly reduced acoustic cues to phonetic content.
A chimpanzee recognizes synthetic speech with significantly reduced acoustic cues to phonetic content.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cub.2011.06.007
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发表时间：
2011-07-26
期刊：
影响因子：
9.2
通讯作者：
Owren, Michael J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Heimbauer, Lisa A.;Beran, Michael J.;Owren, Michael J.
一个长期存在的争论是关于人类是否擅长于语音感知，一些研究人员认为，这一点体现在理解合成语音的能力上，而语音内容的声学线索显著减少。我们测试了一只能识别128个口语单词的黑猩猩，询问她是否能听懂这样的话。三个实验呈现了48个单独的单词，让动物从四个选项中选择一个相应的视觉图形符号。实验1测试了频谱减少的噪声声码(NV)合成，最初开发该合成是为了模拟人类人工耳蜗器使用者接收的输入。实验2测试了“不可能说话的”正弦波合成，它将语音减少到只有三个移动的音调。虽然只得到间歇性和非偶然的奖励，但黑猩猩的表现远远高于机会水平，包括第一次听到合成版本时。短波词的再认准确率最低，但在实验3中，当同一会话中的自然词被奖励时，识别的准确率有所提高。黑猩猩对NV版本的预测比SW版本更准确，32名人类参与者听到这些项目时也是如此。黑猩猩自发地识别听觉减弱的合成词的能力表明，经验而不是专业化对言语感知能力至关重要，一些人认为这是人类独有的能力。
A long-standing debate concerns whether humans are specialized for speech perception, which some researchers argue is demonstrated by the ability to understand synthetic speech with significantly reduced acoustic cues to phonetic content. We tested a chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) that recognizes 128 spoken words, asking whether she could understand such speech. Three experiments presented 48 individual words, with the animal selecting a corresponding visuo-graphic symbol from among four alternatives. Experiment 1 tested spectrally reduced, noise-vocoded (NV) synthesis, originally developed to simulate input received by human cochlear-implant users. Experiment 2 tested “impossibly unspeechlike” sine-wave (SW) synthesis, which reduces speech to just three moving tones. Although receiving only intermittent and non-contingent reward, the chimpanzee performed well above chance level, including when hearing synthetic versions for the first time. Recognition of SW words was least accurate, but improved in Experiment 3 when natural words in the same session were rewarded. The chimpanzee was more accurate with NV than SW versions, as were 32 human participants hearing these items. The chimpanzee's ability to spontaneously recognize acoustically reduced synthetic words suggests that experience rather than specialization is critical for speech-perception capabilities that some have suggested are uniquely human.
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影响因子：
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作者：
Loebach, JL;Wickesberg, RE
通讯作者：
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DOI：
10.1002/9780470757024.ch8
发表时间：
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期刊：
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作者：
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