RNA Guide Complementarity Prevents Self-Targeting in Type VI CRISPR Systems.

RNA Guide Complementarity Prevents Self-Targeting in Type VI CRISPR Systems.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.molcel.2018.07.013
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发表时间:
2018-09-06
期刊:
影响因子:
16
通讯作者:
Marraffini LA
Marraffini LA
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Meeske AJ;Marraffini LA

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所有的免疫系统都使用精确的目标识别来审问外来入侵者。在CRISPR-Cas免疫过程中,原核生物从感染病毒中捕获短间隔序列,并将其插入CRISPR阵列中。CRISPR基因座的转录和加工产生含有间隔区和重复序列的小RNA,其引导Cas核酸酶切割入侵核酸中的互补前间隔区。在大多数CRISPR系统中,前间隔区侧翼的序列显著影响切割。在这里,我们研究了最近发现的RNA靶向VI-A型CRISPR-Cas系统在其天然宿主李斯特菌中的靶向要求。我们发现,在前间区序列侧翼序列和指导RNA的重复序列之间具有延伸互补性的靶RNA不被VI-A型核酸酶Cas 13切割,无论是在体内还是体外。这些发现为设计基于Cas 13的技术建立了基本规则,并提供了一种防止VI-A型系统自我靶向的机制。VI型CRISPR系统采用RNA引导的Cas 13核酸酶来感测和切割感染的RNA靶标。Meeske等人表明,自身免疫的预防是通过感测Cas 13 RNA向导和可能源自CRISPR基因座的靶RNA之间的延伸互补性介导的。
All immune systems use precise target recognition to interrogate foreign invaders. During CRISPR-Cas immunity, prokaryotes capture short spacer sequences from infecting viruses and insert them into the CRISPR array. Transcription and processing of the CRISPR locus generates small RNAs containing the spacer and repeat sequences, which guide Cas nucleases to cleave a complementary protospacer in the invading nucleic acids. In most CRISPR systems, sequences flanking the protospacer drastically affect cleavage. Here we investigated the target requirements of the recently discovered RNA-targeting type VI-A CRISPR-Cas system in its natural host, Listeria seeligeri. We discovered that target RNAs with extended complementarity between the protospacer flanking sequence and the repeat sequence of the guide RNA are not cleaved by the type VI-A nuclease Cas13, neither in vivo nor in vitro. These findings establish fundamental rules for the design of Cas13-based technologies and provide a mechanism for preventing self-targeting in type VI-A systems. Type VI CRISPR systems employ the RNA-guided Cas13 nuclease to sense and cleave infecting RNA targets. Meeske et al. show that prevention of autoimmunity is mediated by sensing of extended complementarity between the Cas13 RNA guide and target RNAs that may originate from the CRISPR locus.
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