TSPO: An Evolutionarily Conserved Protein with Elusive Functions.

TSPO: An Evolutionarily Conserved Protein with Elusive Functions.
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TSPO:具有难以捉摸的功能的进化保守蛋白。

DOI:
10.3390/ijms19061694
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发表时间:
2018-06-07
影响因子:
5.6
通讯作者:
Sukumari-Ramesh S
Sukumari-Ramesh S
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Bonsack F;Sukumari-Ramesh S

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TSPO(18 kDa转运蛋白)是几十年前在寻找苯二氮卓类药物的外周组织结合位点时发现的,以前称为外周苯二氮卓受体。TSPO在整个进化过程中是一种保守的蛋白质,它涉及许多细胞过程的调节,包括炎症反应、氧化应激和线粒体稳态。TSPO除了在外周组织中广泛表达外,还在神经炎性细胞如活化的小胶质细胞中高度表达。此外,采用TSPO配体的新兴研究表明,TSPO作为生物标志物和治疗靶点在神经病理学环境中发挥重要作用。然而,这种蛋白质在正常生理学和神经病理学中的精确分子功能仍然是个谜。这篇综述概述了我们对这个多方面分子的理解的最新进展,并确定了未来功能研究领域的知识差距。
TSPO (18 kDa translocator protein) was identified decades ago in a search for peripheral tissue binding sites for benzodiazepines, and was formerly called the peripheral benzodiazepine receptor. TSPO is a conserved protein throughout evolution and it is implicated in the regulation of many cellular processes, including inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial homeostasis. TSPO, apart from its broad expression in peripheral tissues, is highly expressed in neuroinflammatory cells, such as activated microglia. In addition, emerging studies employing the ligands of TSPO suggest that TSPO plays an important role in neuropathological settings as a biomarker and therapeutic target. However, the precise molecular function of this protein in normal physiology and neuropathology remains enigmatic. This review provides an overview of recent advances in our understanding of this multifaceted molecule and identifies the knowledge gap in the field for future functional studies.
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