Autocratisation, electoral politics and the limits of incumbency in African democracies

Autocratisation, electoral politics and the limits of incumbency in African democracies
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非洲民主国家的独裁化、选举政治和现任限制

DOI:
10.1080/17531055.2022.2235656
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发表时间:
2023
影响因子:
1.4
通讯作者:
Beardsworth N
Beardsworth N
中科院分区:
法学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Beardsworth N

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世界正在经历以全球民主逆转为特征的新一轮独裁浪潮。从2010年到2020年,生活在独裁国家的世界人口比例从48%上升到68%。选举独裁政体现在是世界上最常见的政体类型,与封闭式独裁政体一起,它们在全球195个国家中占了87个。即使在第三次民主化浪潮的高峰期,非洲的选举也很少导致权力更迭。在第三次浪潮30年后,本期特刊介绍了在1991年至2021年的30个关键十年中发生了多少权力移交。在本期特刊中,我们着重让赞比亚了解导致选举更替的一些因素,尽管埃德加·伦古总统领导的执政的爱国阵线(爱国阵线)享有在任期间的许多好处。我们表明,赞比亚2021年8月选举的结果表明了在任的局限性。我们建议,在以前经历过和平权力移交的国家里,选民和反对党可能会依靠“民主记忆”将独裁者赶下台,并呼吁对在位者何时以及为什么输掉大选进行更多研究。
The world is experiencing a new wave of autocratisation, characterised by a global democratic reversal. From 2010 to 2020, the share of the world population living in autocracies increased from 48 to 68%. Electoral autocracies are now the world's most common regime type, and along with closed autocracies they number 87 of the world's 195 states. Even during the height of the third wave of democratisation, elections in Africa rarely led to an alternation of power. Thirty years after the third wave, this special issue introduction takes stock of how many transfers of power occurred in the three crucial decades between 1991 and 2021. In this special issue, we focus on Zambia to understand some of the factors that contributed to an electoral turnover, notwithstanding the many benefits of incumbency that were enjoyed by the ruling Patriotic Front (PF) led by President Edgar Lungu. We show that the outcome of Zambia's August 2021 election demonstrates the limits of incumbency. We suggest that voters and opposition parties in countries with previous experiences of peaceful transfers of power might rely on a ‘democratic muscle-memory’, to dislodge autocrats and call for more research on when and why incumbents lose.
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