Risk and the Dialectic of State Informality: Property Rights in Flood Prone Jakarta

Risk and the Dialectic of State Informality: Property Rights in Flood Prone Jakarta
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风险与国家非正规性的辩证法:洪水泛滥的雅加达的产权

DOI:
10.1080/24694452.2020.1799744
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发表时间:
2020
影响因子:
3.9
通讯作者:
Soemarwi, Vera
Soemarwi, Vera
中科院分区:
法学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Shatkin, Gavin;Soemarwi, Vera

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这篇文章考察了雅加达对洪水风险紧急危机的看法对财产权的影响。由于气候变化和其他人为影响,雅加达未来面临毁灭性的洪水,近年来该市经历了严重的洪水事件。国家行为者以激进的基础设施议程作为回应,导致许多低收入社区被驱逐。这引发了一系列法庭案件,原告在这些案件中辩称,驱逐行为违反了印尼法律,特别是违反了对原生土地主张的法律保护。基于对法院和政策文件的分析以及对主要参与者的采访,本文发现,雅加达的洪水风险危机加剧了我们所说的国家非正规性的辩证法,并将这种动态带到了城市政治的中心。这种辩证法是由计划行动的两个深度对立的框架之间的竞争来定义的。一方面,国家行为者和机构主张他们有权单方面界定什么是合法和公正的,并确实有权在他们认为合适的地方违反自己的法律和法规,以应对社会风险。另一方面,社区和倡导者认为,这种对国家权力的断言导致了对不符合国家发展愿景的社区的系统性剥夺合法性和污名化。这一批评矛盾地将非正规化社区定位为在城市规划实践中重申法治的倡导者。
This article examines the implications of perceptions of an emergent crisis of flood risk for property rights in Jakarta. Jakarta faces devastating future floods due to climate change and other anthropogenic impacts, and the city has experienced severe flood events in recent years. State actors have responded with an aggressive infrastructural agenda that has led to evictions of numerous low-income communities. This has spurred a series of court cases, in which plaintiffs have argued that the evictions violated Indonesian law and specifically violated legal protections of autochthonous land claims. Based on an analysis of court and policy documents and interviews with key actors, this article finds that Jakarta’s crisis of flood risk has intensified what we refer to as the dialectic of state informality and has brought this dynamic to the center of urban politics. This dialectic is defined by contestation between two deeply antagonistic frameworks of planning action. On one hand, state actors and institutions assert their right to unilaterally define what is legitimate and just, and indeed to violate their own laws and regulations where they see fit, as necessary to address societal risk. On the other, communities and advocates argue that this assertion of state power has led to the systematic delegitimation and stigmatization of communities that do not accord with state developmental visions. This critique paradoxically positions informalized communities as proponents of the reassertion of the rule of law in the practice of urban planning.
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