GFAP Mutations in Astrocytes Impair Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Proliferation and Myelination in an hiPSC Model of Alexander Disease.

GFAP Mutations in Astrocytes Impair Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Proliferation and Myelination in an hiPSC Model of Alexander Disease.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.stem.2018.07.009
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发表时间:
2018-08-02
期刊:
影响因子:
23.9
通讯作者:
Shi Y
Shi Y
中科院分区:
医学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Li L;Tian E;Chen X;Chao J;Klein J;Qu Q;Sun G;Sun G;Huang Y;Warden CD;Ye P;Feng L;Li X;Cui Q;Sultan A;Douvaras P;Fossati V;Sanjana NE;Riggs AD;Shi Y

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亚历山大病 (AxD) 是一种脑白质营养不良,主要影响星形胶质细胞,由星形胶质细胞丝状基因 GFAP 突变引起。虽然星形胶质细胞被认为在控制髓鞘形成方面具有重要作用,但 AxD 动物模型并不能重现关键的髓鞘形成表型,因此尚不清楚 AxD 星形胶质细胞如何导致脑白质营养不良。在这里,我们证明 AxD 患者 iPSC 衍生的星形胶质细胞概括了 AxD 病理学的关键特征,例如 GFAP 聚集。此外,AxD 星形胶质细胞可抑制共培养中人 iPSC 来源的少突胶质细胞祖细胞 (OPC) 的增殖,并降低其髓鞘形成潜力。基于 CRISPR/Cas9 的 GFAP 突变校正逆转了这些表型。 AxD 星形胶质细胞和死后大脑的转录组分析表明,CHI3L1 是 AxD 星形胶质细胞诱导的 OPC 活性抑制的关键介质。因此,这种基于 iPSC 的 AxD 模型不仅概括了动物模型中未观察到的患者表型,而且揭示了疾病病理学的潜在机制,并为评估治疗干预措施提供了平台。 Shi 及其同事使用亚历山大病 (AxD) 患者 iPSC 衍生的星形胶质细胞来重现在动物模型中无法实现的 AxD 患者表型,并揭示该疾病髓鞘形成缺陷背后的分子机制。他们发现,患病的星形胶质细胞会分泌抑制少突胶质细胞祖细胞功能并损害髓鞘形成的分子。
Alexander disease (AxD) is a leukodystrophy that primarily affects astrocytes and is caused by mutations in the astrocytic filament gene GFAP. While astrocytes are thought to have important roles in controlling myelination, AxD animal models do not recapitulate critical myelination phenotypes and it is therefore not clear how AxD astrocytes contribute to leukodystrophy. Here, we show that AxD patient iPSC-derived astrocytes recapitulate key features of AxD pathology such as GFAP aggregation. Moreover, AxD astrocytes inhibit proliferation of human iPSC-derived oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) in co-culture and reduce their myelination potential. CRISPR/Cas9-based correction of GFAP mutations reversed these phenotypes. Transcriptomic analyses of AxD astrocytes and postmortem brains identified CHI3L1 as a key mediator of AxD astrocyte-induced inhibition of OPC activity. Thus, this iPSC-based model of AxD not only recapitulates patient phenotypes not observed in animal models, but also reveals mechanisms underlying disease pathology and provides a platform for assessing therapeutic interventions. Shi and colleagues used Alexander disease (AxD) patient iPSC-derived astrocytes to recapitulate AxD patient phenotypes that could not be achieved in animal models and uncover molecular mechanisms underlying myelination defect in the disease. They found that disease astrocytes secret molecules to inhibit oligodendrocyte progenitor cell function and impair myelination.
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