Cryptic species in tropic sands--interactive 3D anatomy, molecular phylogeny and evolution of meiofaunal Pseudunelidae (Gastropoda, Acochlidia).
Cryptic species in tropic sands--interactive 3D anatomy, molecular phylogeny and evolution of meiofaunal Pseudunelidae (Gastropoda, Acochlidia).
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0023313
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发表时间：
2011
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Schrödl M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Neusser TP;Jörger KM;Schrödl M
在对海洋动物多样性进行现实估计时，小型小型动物物种的代表性通常不足。由于生物物种概念几乎不适用于外来和难以捉摸的动物，因此更重要的是，使用准确有效的方法（例如组织学切片的 3D 建模），在尽可能高的信息水平上应用形态种概念。序列分析等分子方法可能会进一步揭示神秘物种。这是第一个关于小型动物腹足动物的案例研究，旨在根据现代微解剖学方法和分子系统学的结果来测试传统分类学的多样性估计。来自印度-太平洋几个岛屿的小型底栖动物 Pseudunela 标本的检查无法通过外部特征来区分。他们的 3D 显微解剖显示了器官系统的差异，并在某些情况下允许分类分离。基于部分线粒体细胞色素 C 氧化酶亚基 I (COI) 和 16S rRNA 标记的其他分子分析揭示了相当大的遗传结构，该结构在很大程度上与解剖或地理模式一致。结合形态学和遗传分析，正式描述了两个新物种（Pseudunela viatoris 和 P. marteli spp. nov.）。使用部分 16S rRNA、COI 和核 18S rRNA 标记进行的系统发育分析表明，假杜内科物种的进化枝是湖沼Acochlidiidae 的姐妹群。在 Pseudunela 中，存在两种复杂排泄系统的亚型。蛇形目的祖先已经进化出了复杂的肾脏。在独角兽进化过程中发生了几次栖息地变化。隐秘物种出现在热带小型动物类腹足动物中，也可能出现在其他扩散能力较差的小型动物类群中，这提高了目前的多样性估计。只有结合 3D 显微解剖学和分子方法才能可靠地揭示 Pseudunela 内的实际物种多样性。建议对软体和小型无脊椎动物的所有分类方法和生物多样性调查采用这种综合方法。随着分类单元采样和细节研究的增加，无壳类全肺动物的进化甚至比预期的更加复杂。
Towards realistic estimations of the diversity of marine animals, tiny meiofaunal species usually are underrepresented. Since the biological species concept is hardly applicable on exotic and elusive animals, it is even more important to apply a morphospecies concept on the best level of information possible, using accurate and efficient methodology such as 3D modelling from histological sections. Molecular approaches such as sequence analyses may reveal further, cryptic species. This is the first case study on meiofaunal gastropods to test diversity estimations from traditional taxonomy against results from modern microanatomical methodology and molecular systematics. The examined meiofaunal Pseudunela specimens from several Indo-Pacific islands cannot be distinguished by external features. Their 3D microanatomy shows differences in the organ systems and allows for taxonomic separation in some cases. Additional molecular analyses based on partial mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and 16S rRNA markers revealed considerable genetic structure that is largely congruent with anatomical or geographical patterns. Two new species (Pseudunela viatoris and P. marteli spp. nov.) are formally described integrating morphological and genetic analyses. Phylogenetic analysis using partial 16S rRNA, COI and the nuclear 18S rRNA markers shows a clade of Pseudunelidae species as the sister group to limnic Acochlidiidae. Within Pseudunela, two subtypes of complex excretory systems occur. A complex kidney already evolved in the ancestor of Hedylopsacea. Several habitat shifts occurred during hedylopsacean evolution. Cryptic species occur in tropical meiofaunal Pseudunela gastropods, and likely in other meiofaunal groups with poor dispersal abilities, boosting current diversity estimations. Only a combined 3D microanatomical and molecular approach revealed actual species diversity within Pseudunela reliably. Such integrative methods are recommended for all taxonomic approaches and biodiversity surveys on soft-bodied and small-sized invertebrates. With increasing taxon sampling and details studied, the evolution of acochlidian panpulmonates is even more complex than expected.
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DOI：
10.1098/rsbl.2003.0025
发表时间：
2003-08-07
影响因子：
4.7
作者：
Hebert, PDN;Ratnasingham, S;deWaard, JR
通讯作者：
deWaard, JR
影响因子：
1.2
作者：
HUGHES, HPI
通讯作者：
HUGHES, HPI
影响因子：
4.9
作者：
Clement, M;Posada, D;Crandall, KA
通讯作者：
Crandall, KA
影响因子：
2.4
作者：
Casu, M;Curini-Galletti, M
通讯作者：
Curini-Galletti, M
影响因子：
1.6
作者：
Joerger, Katharina M.;Neusser, Timea P.;Schroedl, Michael
通讯作者：
Schroedl, Michael