Changes in COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy Among Black and White Individuals in the US.
Changes in COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy Among Black and White Individuals in the US.
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DOI：
10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.44470
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发表时间：
2022-01-04
影响因子：
13.8
通讯作者：
Garrett RK
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Padamsee TJ;Bond RM;Dixon GN;Hovick SR;Na K;Nisbet EC;Wegener DT;Garrett RK
自疫苗公开以来，美国黑人和白色人对COVID-19疫苗的犹豫态度发生了怎样的变化？这项对1200名美国成年人的调查研究发现，自2020年12月以来，黑人对COVID-19疫苗的犹豫率下降速度快于白色人。与这种模式相关的一个关键因素似乎是黑人个人更快地相信疫苗是保护自己和社区所必需的。这项研究表明，正在进行的努力，以增加在美国黑人个体的疫苗接种应出席一系列疫苗接种的障碍超出疫苗犹豫。COVID-19对美国黑人的影响不成比例;然而，黑人的疫苗接种率落后于其他种族群体。这种差异通常归因于黑人个体对疫苗的高度犹豫，但很少有研究考察疫苗犹豫随时间的变化。比较美国黑人和白色人之间疫苗犹豫的变化，并检查可能有助于解释观察到的差异的机制。这项调查研究使用了使用面板设计收集的7波数据。从一个非概率在线小组中招募了1200名美国讲英语的成年人，以构建一个人口普查匹配样本。参与者在2020年12月9日至2021年6月16日期间每月联系一次。关注的主要结局是自我报告的疫苗接种意向，采用6分量表测量（其中1表示极不可能，6表示极有可能）。对COVID-19疫苗安全性、有效性和必要性的信念采用5分制李克特量表进行衡量，分数越高表示越一致。基线数据包括1200名参与者（693名女性[52.0%;加权]; 921名白色个体[64.0%;加权]，107名黑人个体[12.2%;加权];加权平均[SD]年龄，49.5 [17.6]岁）。调查参与率为57.0%（2218人中的1264人）。2020年12月，黑人和白色人的疫苗接种意愿相当，但2021年3月，黑人个体的疫苗接种意愿相对于基线的增幅大于白色个体（B = 0.666; P < .001）、2021年4月（B = 0.890; P < .001）、2021年5月（B = 0.695; P < .001）和2021年6月（B = 0.709; P < .001）。在2021年3月（B = 0.221; P = .01）和2021年4月（B = 0.187; P = .04），黑人认为疫苗是保护所必需的信念也比白色人增加得更多。认为疫苗安全有效（B = 0.125; P < .001）和必要（B = 0.405; P < .001）的信念与疫苗接种意愿呈正相关。没有证据表明这些关联因种族而异。这项调查研究表明，黑人个体接种疫苗的意图最初与白色个体相当，但增长更快。有一些证据表明，这种增加与对疫苗的信念的变化有关。黑人个体的疫苗接种率继续低于白色个体，但这些结果表明，这可能是疫苗犹豫的结果，而不是其他因素。这项调查研究比较了美国黑人和白色人之间COVID-19疫苗犹豫的变化，并研究了可能有助于解释观察到的差异的机制。
How has COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy changed among Black and White individuals in the US since vaccines became publicly available? This survey study of 1200 US adults found that COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy decreased more rapidly among Black individuals than among White individuals since December 2020. A key factor associated with this pattern seems to be the fact that Black individuals more rapidly came to believe that vaccines were necessary to protect themselves and their communities. This study suggests that ongoing efforts to increase vaccine uptake among Black individuals in the US should attend to a range of vaccination barriers beyond vaccine hesitancy. COVID-19 has disproportionately affected Black individuals in the US; however, vaccination rates among Black individuals trail those among other racial groups. This disparity is often attributed to a high level of vaccine hesitancy among Black individuals, but few studies have examined changes in vaccine hesitancy over time. To compare changes in vaccine hesitancy between Black and White individuals in the US and to examine mechanisms that might help explain the observed differences. This survey study used 7 waves of data collected using a panel design. A total of 1200 English-speaking adults in the US were recruited from a nonprobability online panel to construct a census-matched sample. Participants were contacted monthly between December 9, 2020, and June 16, 2021. The main outcome of interest was self-reported vaccination intention, measured on a 6-point scale (where 1 indicates extremely unlikely and 6 indicates extremely likely). Beliefs about the safety, effectiveness, and necessity of COVID-19 vaccines were measured on a 5-point Likert scale, with higher scores denoting greater agreement. The baseline data included 1200 participants (693 women [52.0%; weighted]; 921 White individuals [64.0%; weighted], 107 Black individuals [12.2%; weighted]; weighted mean [SD] age, 49.5 [17.6] years). The survey participation rate was 57.0% (1264 of 2218). Black and White individuals had comparable vaccination intentions in December 2020, but Black individuals experienced larger increases in vaccination intention than White individuals relative to baseline in March 2021 (b = 0.666; P < .001), April 2021 (b = 0.890; P < .001), May 2021 (b = 0.695; P < .001), and June 2021 (b = 0.709; P < .001). The belief that the vaccines are necessary for protection also increased more among Black than White individuals in March 2021 (b = 0.221; P = .01) and April 2021 (b = 0.187; P = .04). Beliefs that the vaccines are safe and effective (b = 0.125; P < .001) and necessary (b = 0.405; P < .001) were positively associated with vaccination intention. There was no evidence that these associations varied by race. This survey study suggests that the intention of Black individuals to be vaccinated was initially comparable to that of White individuals but increased more rapidly. There is some evidence that this increase is associated with changes in beliefs about the vaccine. Vaccination rates continue to be lower among Black individuals than White individuals, but these results suggest that this might be less likely the result of vaccine hesitancy than other factors. This survey study compares changes in COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy between Black and White individuals in the US and examines mechanisms that might help explain the observed differences.
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DOI：
10.1007/s10730-021-09440-0
发表时间：
2021-06
期刊：
HEC forum : an interdisciplinary journal on hospitals' ethical and legal issues
影响因子：
--
作者：
Bunch L
通讯作者：
Bunch L
DOI：
10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113638
发表时间：
2021-03
期刊：
Social science & medicine (1982)
影响因子：
--
作者：
Callaghan T;Moghtaderi A;Lueck JA;Hotez P;Strych U;Dor A;Fowler EF;Motta M
通讯作者：
Motta M
DOI：
10.1016/s1473-3099(20)30926-9
发表时间：
2021-03
期刊：
The Lancet. Infectious diseases
影响因子：
--
作者：
Dodd RH;Pickles K;Nickel B;Cvejic E;Ayre J;Batcup C;Bonner C;Copp T;Cornell S;Dakin T;Isautier J;McCaffery KJ
通讯作者：
McCaffery KJ
影响因子：
39.2
作者：
Fisher, Kimberly A.;Bloomstone, Sarah J.;Mazor, Kathleen M.
通讯作者：
Mazor, Kathleen M.
影响因子：
15.8
作者：
Olive, Jacqueline K.;Hotez, Peter J.;Nolan, Melissa S.
通讯作者：
Nolan, Melissa S.