Airborne particulate metals in the New York City subway: a pilot study to assess the potential for health impacts.
Airborne particulate metals in the New York City subway: a pilot study to assess the potential for health impacts.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.envres.2009.10.006
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发表时间：
2010-01
影响因子：
8.3
通讯作者：
Chillrud, Steven N.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Grass, David S.;Ross, James M.;Family, Farnosh;Barbour, Jonathan;Simpson, H. James;Coulibaly, Drissa;Hernandez, Jennifer;Chen, Yingdi;Slavkovich, Vesna;Li, Yongliang;Graziano, Joseph;Santella, Regina M.;Brandt-Rauf, Paul;Chillrud, Steven N.
之前在纽约市进行的一项研究观察到，钢中发现的三种金属--铁、锰和铬--在地铁系统中的空气浓度比地上空气高出100倍以上。为了调查这些水平的暴露对健康的潜在影响，我们对地铁工人进行了一项试点研究，将个人暴露于钢铁粉尘与血液和尿液样本中的金属暴露，氧化应激和DNA损伤的生物标志物进行比较。工人佩戴个人空气采样器，以4升/米的速度工作一至三个轮班，在最后一个轮班结束时收集血液和尿液样本。我们发现，地铁工人的PM2.5暴露因职位和工作活动而异。地铁工人的平均时间加权PM2.5暴露量为52 µg/m3，中位数为27 µg/m3，范围为6-469 µg/m3。PM2.5、铁、锰和铬的观测浓度远低于职业标准。研究人员将39名地铁工作人员的生物标志物浓度与11名公交车司机和25名郊区办公室工作人员进行了比较。地铁工作者血浆中的DNA-蛋白质交联和铬浓度显著高于公交司机，但地铁工作者和办公室工作者之间没有观察到这些生物标志物的显著差异。尿中异前列烷浓度与在地铁系统工作的年数显著相关，地铁工作者的尿中异前列烷浓度高于公共汽车司机或办公室工作者，但并不显著。在群体水平上，地铁工作人员的生物标志物浓度没有明显超过公共汽车司机和办公室工作人员的一致模式。在个体水平上，钢尘暴露与测量的任何生物标志物都不相关。
A prior study in New York City observed that airborne concentrations of three metals found in steel – iron, manganese, and chromium – are more than 100 times higher in the subway system than in aboveground air. To investigate the potential for health effects of exposure at these levels, we conducted a pilot study of subway workers comparing personal exposures to steel dust with biomarkers of metal exposure, oxidative stress, and DNA damage in blood and urine samples. Workers wore a personal air sampler operating at 4 L/m for one to three work shifts with blood and urine samples collected at the end of the final shift. We found that PM2.5 exposures varied among subway workers on the basis of job title and job activity. The subway workers’ mean time-weighted PM2.5 exposure was 52 µg/m3, with a median of 27 µg/m3, and a range of 6–469 µg/m3. The observed concentrations of PM2.5, iron, manganese, and chromium fell well below occupational standards. Biomarker concentrations among the 39 subway workers were compared with a group of 11 bus drivers, and a group of 25 suburban office workers. Concentrations of DNA–protein crosslinks and chromium in plasma were significantly higher in subway workers than in bus drivers, but no significant difference was observed for these biomarkers between subway workers and office workers. Urinary isoprostane concentrations were significantly correlated with the number of years working in the subway system, and were detected at higher, though not significantly higher, concentrations in subway workers than in bus drivers or office workers. At the group level, there was no consistent pattern of biomarker concentrations among subway workers significantly exceeding those of the bus drivers and office workers. At the individual level, steel dust exposure was not correlated with any of the biomarkers measured.
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DOI：
10.1093/jurban/jti006
发表时间：
2005-03-01
影响因子：
6.6
作者：
Chillrud, SN;Grass, D;Brandt-Rauf, P
通讯作者：
Brandt-Rauf, P
DOI：
10.1016/1055-8330(95)90023-3
发表时间：
1995-09-01
期刊：
NEURODEGENERATION
影响因子：
--
作者：
ALI, SF;DUHART, HM;SLIKKER, W
通讯作者：
SLIKKER, W
DOI：
10.1054/plef.2001.0295
发表时间：
2001-08-01
影响因子：
3
作者：
Helmersson, J;Basu, S
通讯作者：
Basu, S
影响因子：
4.1
作者：
Karlsson, Hanna L.;Holgersson, Asa;Moeller, Lennart
通讯作者：
Moeller, Lennart
影响因子：
4.1
作者：
Karlsson, HL;Nilsson, L;Möller, L
通讯作者：
Möller, L