Spatiotemporal structure of REM sleep twitching reveals developmental origins of motor synergies.
Spatiotemporal structure of REM sleep twitching reveals developmental origins of motor synergies.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cub.2013.08.055
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发表时间：
2013-11-04
期刊：
影响因子：
9.2
通讯作者：
McMurray, Bob
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Blumberg, Mark S.;Coleman, Cassandra M.;Gerth, Ashlynn I.;McMurray, Bob
在主动（或REM）睡眠期间，幼鼠和其他哺乳动物全身骨骼肌会出现肌阵挛性抽搐，导致肢体远端出现不连续的急动。每天都会产生数十万次肢体抽搐，这些运动的感觉反馈是婴儿大脑活动的重要驱动力，这表明这些运动有助于运动学习和感觉运动整合。然而，目前尚不清楚抽搐的产生是随机的还是时空结构的，或者抽搐的模式是否随年龄而变化。如果我们要了解抽搐如何促进发育，这些信息是至关重要的。我们使用高速摄像和3-D运动跟踪，以评估在前肢关节抽搐的时空结构在2日龄和8日龄大鼠。在这两个年龄段，抽搐表现出高度结构化的时空特性在多个时间尺度，包括协同和多关节运动内和跨前肢。层次聚类分析和潜在类别分析揭示了抽搐数量和模式的发育变化。重要的是，我们发现了一个选择过程的证据，即早期的运动模式竞争保留和表达的发展。这些发现表明，抽搐不是随机产生的，而是在多个时间尺度上高度结构化的。这种结构对于我们理解产生抽搐的大脑和脊柱机制以及抽搐的感觉反馈在感觉运动系统发育中的作用具有重要意义。我们认为，抽搐代表了一种迄今为止被忽视的运动探索形式，有助于动物探索其肢体的生物力学，建立运动协同作用，并为复杂的，自动的和目标导向的唤醒运动奠定基础。
During active (or REM) sleep, infant rats and other mammals exhibit myoclonic twitches of skeletal muscles throughout the body, resulting in jerky, discrete movements of the distal limbs. Hundreds of thousands of limb twitches are produced each day and sensory feedback from these movements is a substantial driver of infant brain activity, suggesting that these movements contribute to motor learning and sensorimotor integration. However, it is not known whether the production of twitches is random or spatiotemporally structured, or whether the patterning of twitching changes with age. Such information is critical if we are to understand how twitches contribute to development. We used high-speed videography and 3-D motion tracking to assess the spatiotemporal structure of twitching at forelimb joints in 2- and 8-day-old rats. At both ages, twitches exhibited highly structured spatiotemporal properties at multiple timescales, including synergistic and multi-joint movements within and across forelimbs. Hierarchical cluster analysis and latent class analysis revealed developmental changes in the quantity and patterning of twitching. Critically, we found evidence for a selectionist process whereby movement patterns at the early age compete for retention and expression over development. These findings indicate that twitches are not produced randomly, but rather are highly structured at multiple timescales. This structure has important implications for our understanding of the brain and spinal mechanisms that produce twitching and the role that sensory feedback from twitching plays in the development of sensorimotor systems. We suggest that twitches represent a heretofore overlooked form of motor exploration that helps animals probe the biomechanics of their limbs, build motor synergies, and lay a foundation for complex, automatic, and goal-directed wake movements.
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