tRNA-derived small RNAs: novel regulators of cancer hallmarks and targets of clinical application.

tRNA-derived small RNAs: novel regulators of cancer hallmarks and targets of clinical application.
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DOI:
10.1038/s41420-021-00647-1
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发表时间:
2021-09-18
影响因子:
7
通讯作者:
Duan C
Duan C
中科院分区:
医学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Li X;Liu X;Zhao D;Cui W;Wu Y;Zhang C;Duan C

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tRNA 是一组传统的非编码 RNA (ncRNA),在蛋白质的生物合成中发挥着关键作用。最近,人们发现tRNA衍生的小RNA(tsRNA)在包括癌症在内的人类疾病的发展中具有重要的生物学功能,而不仅仅是被认为是纯粹的降解材料。 tsRNA不仅在癌症患者的癌症组织和血清中异常表达,而且还被认为可以调节各种重要的癌症标志。另一方面,tsRNA作为生物标志物和治疗靶点的应用前景广阔。在这篇综述中,我们重点介绍了tsRNA的基本特征及其迄今为止已知的生物学功能,并探讨了tsRNA在癌症标志中的调节作用,包括增殖、凋亡、转移、肿瘤微环境、耐药性、癌症干细胞表型和癌细胞代谢。此外,我们还讨论了tsRNA作为肿瘤生物标志物和治疗靶点应用的研究进展。
tRNAs are a group of conventional noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) with critical roles in the biological synthesis of proteins. Recently, tRNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) were found to have important biological functions in the development of human diseases including carcinomas, rather than just being considered pure degradation material. tsRNAs not only are abnormally expressed in the cancer tissues and serum of cancer patients, but also have been suggested to regulate various vital cancer hallmarks. On the other hand, the application of tsRNAs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets is promising. In this review, we focused on the basic characteristics of tsRNAs, and their biological functions known thus far, and explored the regulatory roles of tsRNAs in cancer hallmarks including proliferation, apoptosis, metastasis, tumor microenvironment, drug resistance, cancer stem cell phenotype, and cancer cell metabolism. In addition, we also discussed the research progress on the application of tsRNAs as tumor biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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