SHH ventralizes the otocyst by maintaining basal PKA activity and regulating GLI3 signaling.

SHH ventralizes the otocyst by maintaining basal PKA activity and regulating GLI3 signaling.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.ydbio.2016.10.004
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发表时间:
2016-12-01
影响因子:
2.7
通讯作者:
Schoenwolf, Gary C.
Schoenwolf, Gary C.
中科院分区:
生物学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Ohta, Sho;Wang, Baolin;Mansour, Suzanne L.;Schoenwolf, Gary C.

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在内耳发育过程中,分泌的形态发生素协调作用以建立耳囊背腹极性。其中,音刺猬(SHH)在决定腹侧极性方面发挥着关键作用。然而,这种细胞外信号如何在细胞内转导以建立腹侧极性尚不清楚。在这项研究中,我们证明 cAMP 依赖性蛋白激酶 A (PKA) 是通过调节 GLI3 加工介导 SHH 信号传导的关键细胞内因子。通过声孔或电穿孔进行靶向基因转染的功能获得实验表明,SHH 信号传导使 PKA 失活,从而维持腹侧耳囊中 PKA 活性的基础水平。这反过来又抑制了 GLI3FL 的部分蛋白水解加工,导致腹侧耳囊中 GLI3R/GLI3FL 比率较低,以及腹侧耳囊形态发生所需的腹侧特异性基因的表达。因此,我们确定了一种连接细胞外和细胞内信号传导的分子机制,确定内耳的早期腹侧极性,并且对于理解信号分子梯度调节的多器官基础中极性信号的整合具有重要意义。
During development of the inner ear, secreted morphogens act coordinately to establish otocyst dorsoventral polarity. Among these, Sonic hedgehog (SHH) plays a critical role in determining ventral polarity. However, how this extracellular signal is transduced intracellularly to establish ventral polarity is unknown. In this study, we show that cAMP dependent protein kinase A (PKA) is a key intracellular factor mediating SHH signaling through regulation of GLI3 processing. Gain-of-function experiments using targeted gene transfection by sonoporation or electroporation revealed that SHH signaling inactivates PKA, maintaining a basal level of PKA activity in the ventral otocyst. This, in turn, suppresses partial proteolytic processing of GLI3FL, resulting in a low GLI3R/GLI3FL ratio in the ventral otocyst and the expression of ventral-specific genes required for ventral otocyst morphogenesis. Thus, we identify a molecular mechanism that links extracellular and intracellular signaling, determines early ventral polarity of the inner ear, and has implications for understanding the integration of polarity signals in multiple organ rudiments regulated by gradients of signaling molecules.
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