Expert risk perceptions and the social amplification of risk: A case study in invasive tree pests and diseases.
Expert risk perceptions and the social amplification of risk: A case study in invasive tree pests and diseases.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.envsci.2017.08.020
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发表时间：
2017-11
影响因子：
6
通讯作者：
Quine CP
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Urquhart J;Potter C;Barnett J;Fellenor J;Mumford J;Quine CP
专家的风险感知是社会中介的、关系的和增量的。挑战专家提出的公众认知被放大的“真实”风险。三种健康风险，其特点是对面临风险的不确定和冲突。专家将公众的担忧归因于他们对风险的判断。风险管理者既要处理“风险事件”，又要处理“风险的社会建构”。社会风险放大框架（SARF）经常被用作研究与环境危害相关的各种风险感知的概念工具。虽然它被广泛应用，但它被批评为暗示有可能定义一个由专家确定的基准“真实”风险，并且围绕该基准公众风险感知随后可能被放大。有人认为，当存在高度的科学不确定性和缺乏专家对风险的性质及其影响的共识时，这种对风险的客观化尤其成问题。为了进一步探讨这一点，本文研究了“专家”——在这种情况下定义为科学家、政策制定者、疫情管理者和关键利益相关者——如何构建和整合他们对英国两种入侵性树木病虫害爆发相关风险的理解，即白蜡树枯梢病和橡树行军蛾。通过对每个案例研究爆发的专家进行半结构化访谈，本文旨在更好地了解所利用的信息来源的性质，以构建对树木健康风险的看法，特别是在不确定性普遍存在的情况下。一个关键的结论是，风险评估是一个社会中介的、关系的和渐进的过程，专家们利用一系列官方的、轶事的和经验的信息来源，以及参考过去的事件，以汇集风险案例。与此相一致，专家们对公众关注的原因进行归因，特别是在证据基础不完整，需要证明政策和管理行动的合理性并维护声誉的情况下。
Expert risk perceptions are socially-mediated, relational and incremental. Challenges experts’ ‘real’ risk around which public perceptions are amplified. Tree health risks characterised by uncertainty and conflicts about what is at risk. Experts attribute concern to publics as they assemble risk judgments. Risk managers deal with the ‘risk event’ alongside ‘the social construction of risk’. The Social Amplification of Risk Framework (SARF) is often used as a conceptual tool for studying diverse risk perceptions associated with environmental hazards. While widely applied, it has been criticised for implying that it is possible to define a benchmark ‘real’ risk that is determined by experts and around which public risk perceptions can subsequently become amplified. It has been argued that this objectification of risk is particularly problematic when there are high levels of scientific uncertainty and a lack of expert consensus about the nature of a risk and its impacts. In order to explore this further, this paper examines how ‘experts’ – defined in this case as scientists, policy makers, outbreak managers and key stakeholders – construct and assemble their understanding of the risks associated with two invasive tree pest and disease outbreaks in the UK, ash dieback and oak processionary moth. Through semi-structured interviews with experts in each of the case study outbreaks, the paper aims to better understand the nature of information sources drawn on to construct perceptions of tree health risks, especially when uncertainty is prevalent. A key conclusion is that risk assessment is a socially-mediated, relational and incremental process with experts drawing on a range of official, anecdotal and experiential sources of information, as well as reference to past events in order to assemble the risk case. Aligned with this, experts make attributions about public concern, especially when the evidence base is incomplete and there is a need to justify policy and management actions and safeguard reputation.
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影响因子：
5.1
作者：
Busby, Jerry;Duckett, Dominic
通讯作者：
Duckett, Dominic
影响因子：
1.5
作者：
Gottschling, S;Meyer, S
通讯作者：
Meyer, S
影响因子：
6
作者：
Busby, J. S.;Alcock, R. E.;MacGillivray, B. H.
通讯作者：
MacGillivray, B. H.
影响因子：
4.1
作者：
Duckett, Dominic;Wynne, Brian;Haygarth, Philip
通讯作者：
Haygarth, Philip
影响因子：
--
作者：
Heuch, Jon
通讯作者：
Heuch, Jon