Senescence in natural populations of animals: widespread evidence and its implications for bio-gerontology.
Senescence in natural populations of animals: widespread evidence and its implications for bio-gerontology.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.arr.2012.07.004
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发表时间：
2013-01
影响因子：
13.1
通讯作者：
Austad, Steve N.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Nussey, Daniel H.;Froy, Hannah;Lemaitre, Jean-Francois;Gaillard, Jean-Michel;Austad, Steve N.
在自然人群中很少观察到衰老，这是生物老年学中经常引用的谬论。我们在梅达沃和康弗的开创性著作中找到了这种谬误的根源，并解释说，根据对抗性多效性或一次性索马对衰老进化的解释，没有理由衰老不能在野生生物的预期寿命内进化得很明显。最近出现的长期实地研究提供了无可辩驳的证据，表明衰老在自然界中普遍存在。我们在来自340项独立研究的175种不同动物中发现了这样的证据。虽然大部分证据来自鸟类和哺乳动物，但我们也在其他脊椎动物和昆虫中发现了衰老的证据。我们描述了如何高质量的纵向场数据使我们能够测试性别之间的衰老差异和性状和个人之间的进化解释。最近的研究表明，基因、先前的环境以及对生长和繁殖的投资会影响野生动物的衰老速度。我们认为，与谬论，野生动物不衰老最终死亡和埋葬生物老年学家和现场生物学家之间的合作，可以开始，以测试所谓的“公共”机制调节老化的实验室模型的生态一般性。
That senescence is rarely, if ever, observed in natural populations is an oft-quoted fallacy within bio-gerontology. We identify the roots of this fallacy in the otherwise seminal works of Medawar and Comfort, and explain that under antagonistic pleiotropy or disposable soma explanations for the evolution of senescence there is no reason why senescence cannot evolve to be manifest within the life expectancies of wild organisms. The recent emergence of long-term field studies presents irrefutable evidence that senescence is commonly detected in nature. We found such evidence in 175 different animal species from 340 separate studies. Although the bulk of this evidence comes from birds and mammals, we also found evidence for senescence in other vertebrates and insects. We describe how high-quality longitudinal field data allow us to test evolutionary explanations for differences in senescence between the sexes and among traits and individuals. Recent studies indicate that genes, prior environment and investment in growth and reproduction influence aging rates in the wild. We argue that – with the fallacy that wild animals do not senesce finally dead and buried – collaborations between bio-gerontologists and field biologists can begin to test the ecological generality of purportedly ‘public’ mechanisms regulating aging in laboratory models.
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