The Caenorhabditis chemoreceptor gene families.
The Caenorhabditis chemoreceptor gene families.
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DOI：
10.1186/1741-7007-6-42
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发表时间：
2008-10-06
期刊：
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Robertson, Hugh M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Thomas, James H.;Robertson, Hugh M.
化学感受器蛋白是环境化学刺激转导的第一步，它决定了检测的广度并赋予刺激的特异性。动物基因组包含一系列编码化学感受器的基因，这些化学感受器调节味觉、嗅觉和信息素反应。这些家族的大小和多样性反映了特定物种的化学感受生物学。基于对线虫G蛋白偶联化学受体基因的人工筛选和序列比较，我们在19个最大的基因家族中鉴定了大约1300个基因和400个假基因，其中大部分属于较大的超家族。在相关物种中，我们鉴定了19个科的大部分或全部基因。对于大多数家庭来说，线虫的基因数量最多，而桥线虫的基因数量最少，这表明不同物种之间化学操作的重要性发生了变化。蛋白质树揭示了特定家族和特定物种的基因复制和基因丢失模式。严格同源基因的频率在不同的家庭中有所不同，从两个家庭略高于50%到三个家庭不到5%。有几个科包括大型物种特有的扩展，主要在线虫和线虫中。由于基因复制和基因丢失，线虫物种中的化学受体基因家族很大，并且在进化上是动态的。这些动态塑造了线虫物种中的化学受体基因补体，并定义了可用于化学感觉反应的受体空间。为了解释这些模式，我们提出了灰卒假说：单个基因意义不大，但大量不同基因的集合需要覆盖一个很大的表型空间。
Chemoreceptor proteins mediate the first step in the transduction of environmental chemical stimuli, defining the breadth of detection and conferring stimulus specificity. Animal genomes contain families of genes encoding chemoreceptors that mediate taste, olfaction, and pheromone responses. The size and diversity of these families reflect the biology of chemoperception in specific species. Based on manual curation and sequence comparisons among putative G-protein-coupled chemoreceptor genes in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, we identified approximately 1300 genes and 400 pseudogenes in the 19 largest gene families, most of which fall into larger superfamilies. In the related species C. briggsae and C. remanei, we identified most or all genes in each of the 19 families. For most families, C. elegans has the largest number of genes and C. briggsae the smallest number, suggesting changes in the importance of chemoperception among the species. Protein trees reveal family-specific and species-specific patterns of gene duplication and gene loss. The frequency of strict orthologs varies among the families, from just over 50% in two families to less than 5% in three families. Several families include large species-specific expansions, mostly in C. elegans and C. remanei. Chemoreceptor gene families in Caenorhabditis species are large and evolutionarily dynamic as a result of gene duplication and gene loss. These dynamics shape the chemoreceptor gene complements in Caenorhabditis species and define the receptor space available for chemosensory responses. To explain these patterns, we propose the gray pawn hypothesis: individual genes are of little significance, but the aggregate of a large number of diverse genes is required to cover a large phenotype space.
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影响因子：
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