Mapping the annual flow of steel in the United States.
Mapping the annual flow of steel in the United States.
复制标题
绘制美国钢铁年度流量图。
DOI：
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发表时间：
2019
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
Daniel R. Cooper
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Yongxian Zhu;Kyle Syndergaard;Daniel R. Cooper
需要详细了解物料流，以提高物料效率和循环经济。在这篇文章中，美国钢铁流被建模为一系列代表流程和产品的节点。一个易于更新的非线性最小二乘优化是用来调和的不一致性，在293个整理的数据记录的流量通过和节点之间。这些数据来自综合分析，其中包括贸易机构和政府统计机构自上而下的钢铁流量估计，基于生产统计和物料清单的产品中嵌入的钢铁自下而上的估计，以及基于国际货币流动的进出口量。加权方法用于一致地为数据分配置信度评分，优化用于实现质量平衡并使加权残差的平方和最小化。结果表明，产量提高的努力应该集中在钣金成形在汽车行业，这占近一半的所有产生的制造废料。出口和填埋的报废废料数量大于进口的钢铁产品数量。增加国内对报废废料的回收可能会取代这些进口的三分之一左右。
A detailed understanding of material flows is needed to target increased material efficiency and the circular economy. In this article, the U.S. steel flow is modeled as a series of nodes representing processes and products. An easily updatable nonlinear least squares optimization is used to reconcile the inconsistencies across 293 collated data records on flows through and between the nodes. The data come from an integrated analysis that includes top-down estimates of steel flow from trade bodies and government statistical agencies, bottom-up estimates of the steel embedded in products based on production statistics and bills of materials, and the mass of imports and exports based on international money flows. A weighting methodology is used to consistently assign confidence scores to the data and the optimization is used to achieve mass balance and minimize the sum of the squares of the weighted residuals. The results indicate that yield improvement efforts should focus on sheet metal forming in the car industry, which accounts for nearly half of all generated fabrication scrap. The quantity of end-of-life scrap exported and landfilled is greater than the quantity of steel products imported. Increased domestic recycling of end-of-life scrap might displace around a third of these imports.
影响因子：
13.2
作者：
Allwood, Julian M.;Ashby, Michael F.;Worrell, Ernst
通讯作者：
Worrell, Ernst
影响因子：
11.4
作者：
Allwood, Julian M.;Cullen, Jonathan M.;Milford, Rachel L.
通讯作者：
Milford, Rachel L.