The epigenetic landscape of mammary gland development and functional differentiation.
The epigenetic landscape of mammary gland development and functional differentiation.
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DOI：
10.1007/s10911-010-9170-4
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发表时间：
2010-03
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Devinoy, Eve
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rijnkels, Monique;Kabotyanski, Elena;Montazer-Torbati, Mohamad B.;Beauvais, C. Hue;Vassetzky, Yegor;Rosen, Jeffrey M.;Devinoy, Eve
大多数乳腺的发育和功能分化发生在出生后。表观遗传学被定义为在发育和增殖过程中出现的基因表达潜力的稳定变化。表观遗传学变化是由DNA甲基化、组蛋白变体、组蛋白翻译后修饰、非组蛋白染色质蛋白和非编码RNA启动的染色质构象在生化水平上介导的。表观遗传学在发育中起着关键作用。然而，对于它在乳腺发育中的作用，以及它如何整合过去几十年发现的与乳腺发育和功能有关的许多信号通路，人们知之甚少。封闭的(DNA甲基化)或开放的染色质(DnaseI超敏，某些组蛋白修饰)的标记与牛奶蛋白基因表达之间的关系已经被证明是负相关的。最近的研究表明，在发育和功能分化过程中，全局和局部染色质都会发生变化。在局部，乳蛋白基因的远端调控元件和启动子上的染色质获得了更开放的构象。此外，调节元件之间的循环和与核基质的连接都发生了变化。这些变化是由发育信号和环境条件引起的。此外，在乳腺干细胞和祖细胞亚群中发现了不同的表观遗传模式。总而言之，这些发现表明，表观遗传学在乳腺发育和功能中发挥着作用。随着近年来开发的表观基因组学的新工具，我们现在可以开始建立表观遗传学在乳腺发育和疾病中的作用的框架。
Most of the development and functional differentiation in the mammary gland occur after birth. Epigenetics is defined as the stable alterations in gene expression potential that arise during development and proliferation. Epigenetic changes are mediated at the biochemical level by the chromatin conformation initiated by DNA methylation, histone variants, post-translational modifications of histones, non-histone chromatin proteins, and non-coding RNAs. Epigenetics plays a key role in development. However, very little is known about its role in the developing mammary gland or how it might integrate the many signalling pathways involved in mammary gland development and function that have been discovered during the past few decades. An inverse relationship between marks of closed (DNA methylation) or open chromatin (DnaseI hypersensitivity, certain histone modifications) and milk protein gene expression has been documented. Recent studies have shown that during development and functional differentiation, both global and local chromatin changes occur. Locally, chromatin at distal regulatory elements and promoters of milk protein genes gains a more open conformation. Furthermore, changes occur both in looping between regulatory elements and attachment to nuclear matrix. These changes are induced by developmental signals and environmental conditions. Additionally, distinct epigenetic patterns have been identified in mammary gland stem and progenitor cell sub-populations. Together, these findings suggest that epigenetics plays a role in mammary development and function. With the new tools for epigenomics developed in recent years, we now can begin to establish a framework for the role of epigenetics in mammary gland development and disease.
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0805206105
发表时间：
2008-09-16
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Bloushtain-Qimron, Noga;Yao, Jun;Polyak, Kornelia
通讯作者：
Polyak, Kornelia
影响因子：
23.9
作者：
Bouras, Toula;Pal, Bhupinder;Visvader, Jane E.
通讯作者：
Visvader, Jane E.
影响因子：
10.5
作者：
Berger, Shelley L.;Kouzarides, Tony;Shilatifard, Ali
通讯作者：
Shilatifard, Ali
影响因子：
7
作者：
Barski, Artem;Jothi, Raja;Zhao, Keji
通讯作者：
Zhao, Keji
影响因子：
4
作者：
Barski, Artem;Zhao, Keji
通讯作者：
Zhao, Keji