Forensic genetics and genomics: Much more than just a human affair.

Forensic genetics and genomics: Much more than just a human affair.
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DOI:
10.1371/journal.pgen.1006960
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发表时间:
2017-09
期刊:
影响因子:
4.5
通讯作者:
Amorim A
Amorim A
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Arenas M;Pereira F;Oliveira M;Pinto N;Lopes AM;Gomes V;Carracedo A;Amorim A

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虽然传统的法医遗传学侧重于在刑事调查和民事法庭案件中使用人类DNA,但它目前的应用范围要广泛得多,不仅包括严格意义上的法律情况,而且越来越多地包括先发制人地避免司法程序。尽管存在一些困难,目前的法医遗传学正在逐步在更大程度上纳入对非人类遗传物质的分析。对这些材料的分析——包括其他动物物种、植物或微生物——现在被广泛使用,在刑事案件中提供辅助证据,如动物袭击、物种贩运、生物恐怖主义和生物犯罪,以及识别假冒食品成分等。在这里,我们探讨了非人类法医遗传学是如何通过增加遗传标记的多样性,建立更快,更少错误负担和更便宜的测序技术,以及模型,方法和生物信息学设施的出现和改进而发生革命性变化的。
While traditional forensic genetics has been oriented towards using human DNA in criminal investigation and civil court cases, it currently presents a much wider application range, including not only legal situations sensu stricto but also and, increasingly often, to preemptively avoid judicial processes. Despite some difficulties, current forensic genetics is progressively incorporating the analysis of nonhuman genetic material to a greater extent. The analysis of this material—including other animal species, plants, or microorganisms—is now broadly used, providing ancillary evidence in criminalistics in cases such as animal attacks, trafficking of species, bioterrorism and biocrimes, and identification of fraudulent food composition, among many others. Here, we explore how nonhuman forensic genetics is being revolutionized by the increasing variety of genetic markers, the establishment of faster, less error-burdened and cheaper sequencing technologies, and the emergence and improvement of models, methods, and bioinformatics facilities.
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