Ten_m3 regulates eye-specific patterning in the mammalian visual pathway and is required for binocular vision.
Ten_m3 regulates eye-specific patterning in the mammalian visual pathway and is required for binocular vision.
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TEN_M3调节哺乳动物视觉途径中的眼睛特异性图案，是双眼视觉所必需的。
DOI：
10.1371/journal.pbio.0050241
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发表时间：
2007-09
期刊：
影响因子：
9.8
通讯作者：
Fässler R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Leamey CA;Merlin S;Lattouf P;Sawatari A;Zhou X;Demel N;Glendining KA;Oohashi T;Sur M;Fässler R
双眼视觉需要每只眼睛的投影精确匹配，以形成视觉世界的凝聚力表示。眼睛特异性输入在解剖学上是分离的，但在视觉丘脑中登记，并在初级视觉皮层的双眼区域内重叠。在这里，我们表明，跨膜蛋白Ten_m3调节对齐同侧和对侧的预测。它在发育中的视觉通路中以梯度表达，在代表背侧视野的区域中始终最高。缺乏Ten_m3的小鼠在同侧而不是对侧投射的映射中显示出严重的异常，并且在执行视觉介导的行为任务时表现出明显的缺陷。这可能是由于眼间不匹配引起的功能缺陷，因为它们可以通过急性单眼失活而逆转。我们的结论是Ten_m3起着关键的调节作用，在发展对齐的双眼地图，这是正常的视觉所需的。视觉世界在大脑中表现为一系列视觉空间的地图。在具有双眼视觉的物种中，两只眼睛的输入被对齐以形成一个有凝聚力的地图;很少有人知道这种组织在发育过程中是如何实现的。我们表明，跨膜蛋白，Ten_m3，起着重要的作用。Ten_m3是引导未交叉的视网膜轴突所必需的：在缺乏Ten_m3的小鼠中，从眼睛到大脑的未交叉投影异常，尽管交叉投影正常映射。因此，在这些小鼠中，两只眼睛的投射并不对齐。我们表明，这种不匹配对视力有破坏性的后果。缺乏Ten_m3的小鼠在视觉功能的行为测试中表现非常差。这些缺陷是不匹配的直接结果，因为从一只眼睛急剧沉默输入恢复视觉行为。这种显著而快速的恢复表明，两只眼睛输入的不匹配导致了大脑的功能抑制。我们的结论是Ten_m3作为视网膜轴突的眼睛特异性引导线索，并且需要从两只眼睛产生对齐的投影，并且进一步地，这对于正常的视觉功能是至关重要的。Ten_m3是一种跨膜蛋白，新发现的作用是引导视网膜轴突，对齐双眼的投影，从而调节双眼视觉。
Binocular vision requires an exquisite matching of projections from each eye to form a cohesive representation of the visual world. Eye-specific inputs are anatomically segregated, but in register in the visual thalamus, and overlap within the binocular region of primary visual cortex. Here, we show that the transmembrane protein Ten_m3 regulates the alignment of ipsilateral and contralateral projections. It is expressed in a gradient in the developing visual pathway, which is consistently highest in regions that represent dorsal visual field. Mice that lack Ten_m3 show profound abnormalities in mapping of ipsilateral, but not contralateral, projections, and exhibit pronounced deficits when performing visually mediated behavioural tasks. It is likely that the functional deficits arise from the interocular mismatch, because they are reversed by acute monocular inactivation. We conclude that Ten_m3 plays a key regulatory role in the development of aligned binocular maps, which are required for normal vision. The visual world is represented within the brain as a series of maps of visual space. In species with binocular vision, the inputs from the two eyes are aligned to form a cohesive map; little is known about how this organisation is achieved during development. We show that a transmembrane protein, Ten_m3, plays an important role. Ten_m3 is required for the guidance of uncrossed retinal axons: uncrossed projections from the eye to the brain map aberrantly in mice that lack Ten_m3, although crossed projections map normally. Consequently, projections from the two eyes are not aligned in these mice. We show that this mismatch has devastating consequences for vision. Mice lacking Ten_m3 perform very poorly in behavioural tests of visual function. The deficits are a direct result of the mismatch, because acutely silencing inputs from one eye restores visual behaviour. This remarkable and rapid recovery suggests the mismatch of the inputs from the two eyes leads to functional suppression in the brain. We conclude that Ten_m3 acts as an eye-specific guidance cue for retinal axons and is required to produce aligned projections from the two eyes, and further, that this is critical for normal visual function. Ten_m3, a transmembrane protein, has a newly discovered role in guiding retinal axons, aligning projections from the two eyes, and thereby mediating binocular vision.
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