The pre- and post-somatic segments of the human type I spiral ganglion neurons--structural and functional considerations related to cochlear implantation.
The pre- and post-somatic segments of the human type I spiral ganglion neurons--structural and functional considerations related to cochlear implantation.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.09.059
复制
发表时间：
2015-01-22
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Glueckert, R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Liu, W.;Edin, F.;Atturo, F.;Rieger, G.;Lowenheim, H.;Senn, P.;Blumer, M.;Schrott-Fischer, A.;Rask-Andersen, H.;Glueckert, R.
关键词：
人类Ⅰ型螺旋神经节神经元（SGN）的前躯体节段和后躯体节段是无髓鞘的，在人类耳聋中SGN在毛细胞丢失和神经退行性变后以“单极”细胞形式存活。无髓鞘的雪旺细胞可以巩固神经细胞体并保护SGN免于进一步变性。人类SGN即使在长时间耳聋后也可以作为电可兴奋的单极细胞存在。人类SGN的稳健存活是人工耳蜗功能的先决条件。人类听觉神经传入由两个独立的系统组成;一个是由支配内毛细胞的大型I型细胞代表，另一个是由支配外毛细胞的小型II型细胞代表。I型螺旋神经节神经元（SGN）占传入神经群的96%，与其他哺乳动物不同，它们的索马体以及前体节和后体节是无髓鞘的。II型神经索马和纤维是无髓的。组织学和临床经验表明，人类SGN可以在没有树突的情况下持续电兴奋，因此缺乏与Corti器官的连接。这种现象的生物学背景仍然难以捉摸。在正常和病理条件下，我们使用免疫组织化学和透射电子显微镜（TEM）分析了I型人SGNs的前和后体细胞段。发现这些节段被无髓鞘的雪旺细胞（NMSC）包围，显示层粘连蛋白-β2/胶原IV的强细胞内表达。这些细胞还与核周进入区接壤，并显示由表达层粘连蛋白-β2和胶原IV的折叠基底膜（BM）勾勒的表面皱纹。据推测，人类大SGN由三种细胞类别划分：（a）有髓鞘的许旺细胞，（B）NMSC和（c）卫星神经胶质细胞（SGCs）。它们的BM表达层粘连蛋白-β2/胶原IV，并在缰孔处到达感觉上皮的BM。我们推测，NMSC保护SGN免于树突丧失后的进一步退化。这可能进一步解释了为什么SGN即使在长时间耳聋后仍然可以作为电兴奋的单极细胞存在，这对接受人工耳蜗植入治疗的聋人来说是一个福音。
Pre- and post-somatic segments of type I spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) are unmyelinated in man. Following hair cell loss and retrograde nerve degeneration SGNs survive as “mono-polar” cells in human deafness. Non-myelinated Schwann cells may consolidate the neural cell bodies and protect SGNs from further degeneration. Human SGNs can persist as electrically excitable mono-polar cells even after long-time deafness. Robust survival of human SGNs is a prerequisite for cochlear implant function. Human auditory nerve afferents consist of two separate systems; one is represented by the large type I cells innervating the inner hair cells and the other one by the small type II cells innervating the outer hair cells. Type I spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) constitute 96% of the afferent nerve population and, in contrast to other mammals, their soma and pre- and post-somatic segments are unmyelinated. Type II nerve soma and fibers are unmyelinated. Histopathology and clinical experience imply that human SGNs can persist electrically excitable without dendrites, thus lacking connection to the organ of Corti. The biological background to this phenomenon remains elusive. We analyzed the pre- and post-somatic segments of the type I human SGNs using immunohistochemistry and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) in normal and pathological conditions. These segments were found surrounded by non-myelinated Schwann cells (NMSCs) showing strong intracellular expression of laminin-β2/collagen IV. These cells also bordered the perikaryal entry zone and disclosed surface rugosities outlined by a folded basement membrane (BM) expressing laminin-β2 and collagen IV. It is presumed that human large SGNs are demarcated by three cell categories: (a) myelinated Schwann cells, (b) NMSCs and (c) satellite glial cells (SGCs). Their BMs express laminin-β2/collagen IV and reaches the BM of the sensory epithelium at the habenula perforata. We speculate that the NMSCs protect SGNs from further degeneration following dendrite loss. It may give further explanation why SGNs can persist as electrically excitable monopolar cells even after long-time deafness, a blessing for the deaf treated with cochlear implantation.
登录
查看更多内容
影响因子：
3.6
作者：
Liu, Wei;Kinnefors, Anders;Rask-Andersen, Helge
通讯作者：
Rask-Andersen, Helge
影响因子：
5.3
作者：
Hossain, WA;Antic, SD;Morest, DK
通讯作者：
Morest, DK
DOI：
10.1023/a:1015410023132
发表时间：
1997-08-01
期刊：
JOURNAL OF NEUROCYTOLOGY
影响因子：
--
作者：
Fujimoto, E;Mizoguchi, A;Ide, C
通讯作者：
Ide, C
影响因子：
2.1
作者：
Borne Teufert, Karen;Linthicum, Fred H., Jr.;Connell, Sarah S.
通讯作者：
Connell, Sarah S.
影响因子：
2.8
作者：
Felder, E;Kanonier, G;SchrottFischer, A
通讯作者：
SchrottFischer, A