Empathic Care and Distress: Predictive Brain Markers and Dissociable Brain Systems.
Empathic Care and Distress: Predictive Brain Markers and Dissociable Brain Systems.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.neuron.2017.05.014
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发表时间：
2017-06-21
期刊：
影响因子：
16.2
通讯作者：
Wager TD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ashar YK;Andrews-Hanna JR;Dimidjian S;Wager TD
遭遇他人的痛苦可以引发移情的痛苦和移情的关怀--一种温暖的归属感。目前还不清楚这两种感觉是否可以准确和差异预测神经活动，以及在多大程度上可以区分他们的神经基板。我们开发了功能磁共振成像标记物，预测每时每刻的护理强度和痛苦强度，而参与者（N=66）听真实的传记描述人类的痛苦。这两个标记的预测与样本外参与者的自我报告密切相关（r = .59和r = .63，ps<.00001），并且这两个标记预测了后来的逐个试验的慈善捐赠金额（ps<.05）。同理心护理优先与脑桥核和内侧眶额皮质的活动，而痛苦优先与运动前区和体感皮质的活动。在测试的标记特异性与一个独立的行为样本（N=200），共情关怀标记与混合价的感觉状态，而共情困扰标记是特定的负面情绪。Ashar等人提出了功能磁共振成像标记物，用于预测两种不同的移情情绪对自然主义动态刺激的反应强度。这些标记预测慈善捐款，得到不同的大规模大脑系统的支持，并且与其他八种感受存在差异。
Encountering another’s suffering can elicit both empathic distress and empathic care—the warm desire to affiliate. It remains unclear whether these two feelings can be accurately and differentially predicted from neural activity and to what extent their neural substrates can be distinguished. We developed fMRI markers predicting moment-by-moment intensity levels of care and distress intensity while participants (N=66) listened to true biographies describing human suffering. Both markers’ predictions correlated strongly with self-report in out-of-sample participants (r = .59 and r = .63, ps<.00001), and both markers predicted later trial-by-trial charitable donation amounts (ps<.05). Empathic care was preferentially associated with nucleus accumbens and medial orbitofrontal cortex activity, while distress was preferentially associated with premotor and somatosensory cortical activity. In tests of marker specificity with an independent behavioral sample (N=200), the empathic care marker was associated with a mixed-valence feeling state while the empathic distress marker was specific to negative emotion. Ashar et al. present fMRI markers predicting the intensity of two different empathic emotions in response to naturalistic, dynamic stimuli. The markers predicted charitable donations, were supported by distinct large-scale brain systems, and were differentially related to eight other feelings.
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