Low affinity binding site clusters confer hox specificity and regulatory robustness.

Low affinity binding site clusters confer hox specificity and regulatory robustness.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.cell.2014.11.041
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发表时间:
2015-01-15
期刊:
影响因子:
64.5
通讯作者:
Stern DL
Stern DL
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Crocker J;Abe N;Rinaldi L;McGregor AP;Frankel N;Wang S;Alsawadi A;Valenti P;Plaza S;Payre F;Mann RS;Stern DL

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在动物中,Hox 转录因子定义了不同解剖领域的区域特征。 Hox 基因如何编码这种特异性是一个悖论,因为不同的 Hox 蛋白在体外以高亲和力与相似的 DNA 序列结合。在这里,我们证明了 Hox 蛋白 Ultrabithorax (Ubx) 与其辅因子 Extradenticle (Exd) 的复合物与果蝇 shavenbaby 基因增强子中亲和力极低的位点簇特异性结合。这些低亲和力位点赋予 Ubx 体内结合特异性,但当胚胎在可变环境中发育时,需要多个聚集位点才能实现稳健表达。尽管大多数单独的 Ubx 结合位点在进化上并不保守,但整体增强子架构(低亲和力结合位点簇)得到维持,并且是增强子功能所必需的。因此,自然选择在增强子水平上发挥作用,需要特定密度的低亲和力 Ubx 位点才能赋予特异性和稳健的表达。
In animals, Hox transcription factors define regional identity in distinct anatomical domains. How Hox genes encode this specificity is a paradox, because different Hox proteins bind with high affinity in vitro to similar DNA sequences. Here, we demonstrate that the Hox protein Ultrabithorax (Ubx) in complex with its cofactor Extradenticle (Exd) bound specifically to clusters of very low affinity sites in enhancers of the shavenbaby gene of Drosophila. These low affinity sites conferred specificity for Ubx binding in vivo, but multiple clustered sites were required for robust expression when embryos developed in variable environments. Although most individual Ubx binding sites are not evolutionarily conserved, the overall enhancer architecture—clusters of low affinity binding sites—is maintained and required for enhancer function. Natural selection therefore works at the level of the enhancer, requiring a particular density of low affinity Ubx sites to confer both specific and robust expression.
DOI: 10.1038/nmeth.2543
发表时间: 2013-08
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