Trial by File Formats: Exploring Public Defenders' Challenges Working with Novel Surveillance Data
Trial by File Formats: Exploring Public Defenders' Challenges Working with Novel Surveillance Data
复制标题
按文件格式进行审判：探索公设辩护人在使用新监控数据时面临的挑战
DOI：
10.1145/3512914
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Salehi, Niloufar
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Warren, Rachel B.;Salehi, Niloufar
在美国，公设辩护人（为无力聘请私人律师的被指控犯罪的人指派的律师）是低收入和边缘化人群防止非法逮捕和监禁的重要堡垒。公设辩护人长期以来工作量过大，资源不足。然而，现代刑事案件数据量的增加和复杂性使这些问题更加复杂。我们通过一系列与公设辩护人和与他们一起工作的人的半结构化访谈来探索公设辩护人的技术需求。我们发现，公设辩护人对新的监视数据进行推理的能力严重不足，这不仅是由于缺乏资源和知识，而且还由于刑事司法系统的结构，这使得检察官和警察（与私营公司合作）比辩护律师更能控制刑事案件中使用的信息类型。我们发现，公设辩护人可以通过更好的数据解释和访问工具为客户创造更公平的环境。因此，我们呼吁技术人员在设计收集有关人员的数据的系统时，考虑到公设辩护人及其所代表的人的需求。我们的研究结果阐明了技术人员和隐私倡导者在寻求解决方案时应该考虑的限制。特别是，我们的工作使个人隐私作为保护用户权利的唯一价值的概念变得复杂，并证明了数据解释和数据可见性的重要性。随着数据源变得越来越复杂，对数据的控制不能与访问专家和技术来理解这些数据分开。不断增长的监控数据生态系统可能不仅会系统性地压迫那些最受关注的人，还会压迫那些社区和倡导者被剥夺了对其信息讲故事的权力的群体。
In the United States, public defenders (lawyers assigned to people accused of crimes who cannot afford a private attorney) serve as an essential bulwark against wrongful arrest and incarceration for low-income and marginalized people. Public defenders have long been overworked and under-resourced. However, these issues have been compounded by increases in the volume and complexity of data in modern criminal cases. We explore the technology needs of public defenders through a series of semi-structured interviews with public defenders and those who work with them. We find that public defenders' ability to reason about novel surveillance data is woefully inadequate not only due to a lack of resources and knowledge, but also due to the structure of the criminal justice system, which gives prosecutors and police (in partnership with private companies) more control over the type of information used in criminal cases than defense attorneys. We find that public defenders may be able to create fairer situations for their clients with better tools for data interpretation and access. Therefore, we call on technologists to attend to the needs of public defenders and the people they represent when designing systems that collect data about people. Our findings illuminate constraints that technologists and privacy advocates should consider as they pursue solutions. In particular, our work complicates notions of individual privacy as the only value in protecting users' rights, and demonstrates the importance of data interpretation alongside data visibility. As data sources become more complex, control over the data cannot be separated from access to the experts and technology to make sense of that data. The growing surveillance data ecosystem may systematically oppress not only those who are most closely observed, but groups of people whose communities and advocates have been deprived of the storytelling power over their information.
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影响因子：
1.7
作者：
R. Gonzales
通讯作者：
R. Gonzales
探索社会正义、设计和人机交互
DOI：
10.1145/2851581.2856465
发表时间：
2016
期刊：
Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
影响因子：
--
作者：
Sarah E. Fox;M. Asad;Katherine Lo;Jill P. Dimond;Lynn S. Dombrowski;Shaowen Bardzell
通讯作者：
Shaowen Bardzell
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DOI：
--
发表时间：
2017
期刊：
CSCW Companion
影响因子：
--
作者：
Sarah E. Fox;Jill P. Dimond;L. Irani;Tad Hirsch;Michael J. Muller;Shaowen Bardzell
通讯作者：
Shaowen Bardzell
DOI：
10.1145/3334480.3375156
发表时间：
2020
期刊：
Extended Abstracts of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
影响因子：
--
作者：
Angela D. R. Smith;Alex A. Ahmed;A. Garcia;Bryan Dosono;Ihudiya Finda Ogbonnaya;Yolanda A. Rankin;Alexandra To;K. Toyama
通讯作者：
K. Toyama
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DOI：
--
发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
Rebecca Wexler
通讯作者：
Rebecca Wexler