Behavioural repertoire of working donkeys and consistency of behaviour over time, as a preliminary step towards identifying pain-related behaviours.
Behavioural repertoire of working donkeys and consistency of behaviour over time, as a preliminary step towards identifying pain-related behaviours.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0101877
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Whay HR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Regan FH;Hockenhull J;Pritchard JC;Waterman-Pearson AE;Whay HR
驴以坚忍著称，它在临床环境中的行为习惯被低估了。缺乏对驴的行为规范及其随时间变化的理解，可能会影响作为疼痛或情绪状态指标的行为测量的使用。本研究的目的是找出工作驴的行为是否受到性别、一天中的时间或不同天之间的影响，以评估这些措施在工作驴族谱中的稳健性。在21头成年工作驴（12头母驴，9头公驴）中测量了姿势和事件行为的频率和一致性。采用瞬时（扫描）和焦点取样，每隔一小时测量维持、说谎、摄食和调查行为，连续两天各10次。公驴高抬头和咬伤发生率高于母驴（P<0.001）。母驴平头、舔/咀嚼和摇头更为常见（P<0.001）。尾位、耳向、踩脚、滚动/躺卧和摇头行为受时间的影响（P<0.001）。然而，在两天的观察中，只有两个耳朵方向的变化被发现有显著差异（P<0.001）。摇尾巴、摇头、跺脚和耳朵侧向和向下显著相关（P<0.001），被认为是阻止苍蝇的行为。所有的驴子都表现出广泛的行为特征，尽管性别之间的行为有一些明显的差异。虽然大多数行为随着时间的推移是一致的，但有些行为受到一天中的时间的影响。两个测试日之间的行为几乎没有什么不同。研究结果可用于为工作驴提供可靠的、以证据为基础的心电图。
The donkey has a reputation for stoicism and its behavioural repertoire in clinical contexts is under-reported. Lack of understanding of the norms of donkey behaviour and how it may vary over time can compromise use of behavioural measures as indicators of pain or emotional state. The objective of this study was to find out whether the behaviour of working donkeys was influenced by gender, the time of day or differed between days with a view to assessing how robust these measures are for inclusion in a working donkey ethogram. Frequency and consistency of postural and event behaviours were measured in 21 adult working donkeys (12 females; 9 males). Instantaneous (scan) and focal sampling were used to measure maintenance, lying, ingestive and investigative behaviours at hourly intervals for ten sessions on each of two consecutive days. High head carriage and biting were seen more frequently in male donkeys than females (P<0.001). Level head carriage, licking/chewing and head-shaking were observed more frequently in female donkeys (P<0.001). Tail position, ear orientation, foot stamping, rolling/lying and head-shaking behaviours were affected by time of day (P<0.001). However, only two variations in ear orientation were found to be significantly different over the two days of observations (P<0.001). Tail swishing, head shaking, foot stamping, and ears held sideways and downwards were significantly correlated (P<0.001) and are assumed to be behaviours to discourage flies. All donkeys expressed an extensive behavioural repertoire, although some differences in behaviour were evident between genders. While most behaviours were consistent over time, some behaviours were influenced by time of day. Few behaviours differed between the two test days. The findings can be used to inform the development of a robust, evidence-based ethogram for working donkeys.
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影响因子：
2.3
作者：
Burn, Charlotte C.;Dennison, Tania L.;Whay, Helen R.
通讯作者：
Whay, Helen R.
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2.3
作者：
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Streich, J
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2.3
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作者：
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Littlejohn, Roger
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2.3
作者：
Hemsworth, PH;Price, EO;Borgwardt, R
通讯作者：
Borgwardt, R