Candyflipping and Other Combinations: Identifying Drug-Drug Combinations from an Online Forum.
Candyflipping and Other Combinations: Identifying Drug-Drug Combinations from an Online Forum.
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DOI：
10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00135
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Manini AF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chary M;Yi D;Manini AF
新型精神活性物质是指在过去二十年中出现的合成化合物或更广泛滥用的物质的衍生物。病例报告表明，使用者将联合收割机物质结合起来，以获得所需的精神体验，同时减少烦躁不安和令人不快的躯体效应。然而，结合的模式没有被大规模研究。在这里，我们展示了讨论催眠药的帖子描述了将促智药与镇静催眠药和兴奋剂与植物致幻剂或精神病药物相结合。在讨论中，最常提到的是镇静催眠药，同时也提到了致幻剂和兴奋剂。我们分析了20年来Lycaeum的公开帖子，Lycaeum是一个致力于分享精神活性物质使用信息的互联网论坛。我们使用自然语言处理和机器学习技术来识别邮件，并将邮件中共同提及的物质模式关联起来。我们发现，提到合成致幻剂的谈话倾向于分为那些提到致幻剂来自安非他明和那些来自麦角。提到合成致幻剂的谈话往往不会提到植物致幻剂。提到浴盐的谈话通常会提到镇静催眠药或益智药，而更多的经典兴奋剂则与植物致幻剂和精神药物一起讨论。当试图描述它们的作用时，所有类型的物质都经常被比作MDMA，DMT，可卡因或阿托品。我们的研究结果提供了迄今为止对多种物质使用模式的在线描述的最大分析，并进一步证明了社交媒体在了解物质使用趋势方面的实用性。我们预计这项工作将导致对在线知识的更详细的分析，这些知识涉及新型精神活性物质的使用模式和影响。
Novel psychoactive substances (NPS) refer to synthetic compounds or derivatives of more widely known substances of abuse that have emerged over the last two decades. Case reports suggest that users combine substances to achieve desired psychotropic experiences while reducing dysphoria and unpleasant somatic effects. However, the pattern of combining NPS has not been studied on a large scale. Here, we show that posts discussing NPS describe combining nootropics with sedative-hypnotics and stimulants with plant hallucinogens or psychiatric medications. Discussions that mention sedative-hypnotics most commonly also mention hallucinogens and stimulants. We analyzed 20 years of publicly available posts from Lycaeum, an Internet forum dedicated to sharing information about psychoactive substance use. We used techniques from natural language processing and machine learning to identify NPS and correlate patterns of co-mentions of substances across posts. We found that conversations mentioning synthetic hallucinogens tended to divide into those mentioning hallucinogens derived from amphetamine and those derived from ergot. Conversations that mentioned synthetic hallucinogens tended not to mention plant hallucinogens. Conversations that mention bath salts commonly mention sedative-hypnotics or nootropics while more canonical stimulants are discussed with plant hallucinogens and psychiatric medications. All types of substances are frequently compared to MDMA, DMT, cocaine, or atropine when trying to describe their effects. Our results provide the largest analysis to date of online descriptions of patterns of polysubstance use and further demonstrate the utility of social media in learning about trends in substance use. We anticipate this work to lead to a more detailed analysis of the knowledge contained online about the patterns of usage and effects of novel psychoactive substances.
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影响因子：
3.8
作者：
Hommel B;Sellaro R;Fischer R;Borg S;Colzato LS
通讯作者：
Colzato LS
DOI：
10.3109/00365513.2013.793817
发表时间：
2013-08-01
影响因子：
2.1
作者：
Helander, Anders;Beck, Olof;Hulten, Peter
通讯作者：
Hulten, Peter
影响因子：
0.5
作者：
MILLER, NS;GOLD, MS
通讯作者：
GOLD, MS
影响因子：
3.6
作者：
PACHTER, IJ;ZACHARIAS, DE;RIBEIRO, O
通讯作者：
RIBEIRO, O
影响因子：
2.8
作者：
DOWNING, J
通讯作者：
DOWNING, J