Regular cannabis use is associated with altered activation of central executive and default mode networks even after prolonged abstinence in adolescent users: Results from a complementary meta-analysis.

Regular cannabis use is associated with altered activation of central executive and default mode networks even after prolonged abstinence in adolescent users: Results from a complementary meta-analysis.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.10.026
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发表时间:
2019-01
影响因子:
8.2
通讯作者:
Bhattacharyya S
Bhattacharyya S
中科院分区:
医学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Blest-Hopley G;Giampietro V;Bhattacharyya S

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与对照组相比,青少年戒断大麻使用者在背外侧和腹外侧前额叶和后顶叶皮层表现出明显更大的激活。与不使用手机的人相比,青少年用户在涉及执行功能、注意力控制和默认模式网络的区域显示出更高的激活程度。在戒断和目前的青少年大麻使用者之间没有观察到显著的脑激活组差异。大麻使用对大脑功能的影响是否会持续或在戒断后恢复尚不清楚。因此,使用荟萃分析技术,我们研究了使用功能磁共振成像测量的功能改变是否在大麻使用者戒断超过25天(或600小时)的情况下持续存在,证据表明对认知表现的影响不再持续超过这段时间。系统文献检索确定了20项研究,其中12项研究调查了目前的大麻使用者(CCU) (361 CCU对394名非大麻使用对照组(NU)), 3项研究在5个单独的比较中调查了戒烟的大麻使用者(ACU) (98 ACU对106 NU)。在青少年中进行的ACU研究表明,与NU相比,青少年ACU的中央执行和默认模式网络的组成部分明显更活跃。虽然这一证据需要谨慎解释,因为研究是在重叠的样本中进行的,但它们表明迫切需要独立确认青少年大麻使用者的某些神经功能改变是否可能在大麻及其代谢物可能离开他们的身体后仍然存在。
Adolescent abstinent cannabis users showed significantly greater activation in the dorsolateral and ventrolateral prefrontal and posterior parietal cortices compared to controls. Adolescent users showed increased activation in regions involved in executive functioning, attentional control and the default mode network compared to non-using controls. No significant group differences in brain activation observed between abstinent and current adolescent cannabis users. Whether the effects of cannabis use on brain function persist or recover following abstinence remains unclear. Therefore, using meta-analytic techniques, we examined whether functional alterations measured using fMRI persist in cannabis users abstinent for over 25 days (or 600 h) as evidence suggests that the effects on cognitive performance no longer persist beyond this period. Systematic literature search identified 20 studies, of which, 12 examined current cannabis users (CCU) (361 CCU versus 394 non-cannabis using controls (NU)) and 3 examined abstinent cannabis users (ACU) in 5 separate comparisons (98 ACU versus 106 NU). Studies in ACU were carried out in adolescents and suggest significantly greater activation in components of the central executive and default mode networks in adolescent ACU compared to NU. While this evidence is to be interpreted with caution because studies were carried out in overlapping samples, they indicate a pressing need for independent confirmation whether certain neurofunctional alterations in adolescent cannabis users may persist even after cannabis and its metabolites are likely to have left their bodies.
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