Glyphosate inhibits melanization and increases susceptibility to infection in insects.
Glyphosate inhibits melanization and increases susceptibility to infection in insects.
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草甘膦抑制黑化并增加昆虫感染的易感性。
DOI：
10.1371/journal.pbio.3001182
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发表时间：
2021-05
期刊：
影响因子：
9.8
通讯作者：
Casadevall A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Smith DFQ;Camacho E;Thakur R;Barron AJ;Dong Y;Dimopoulos G;Broderick NA;Casadevall A
黑色素是一种广泛存在于生命界的黑褐色色素，具有多种生物学功能，包括紫外线防护、体温调节、氧化剂清除、节肢动物免疫和微生物毒力。鉴于黑色素在生物圈中的广泛作用，特别是在昆虫免疫防御中，了解暴露于无处不在的环境污染物如何影响黑化是很重要的。草甘膦是全球使用最广泛的除草剂，它能抑制黑色素的产生，而黑色素对包括昆虫在内的许多生物的健康有着广泛的影响。在这里，我们表明，草甘膦对昆虫健康的有害影响，在2个进化遥远的物种，大蜡螟（鳞翅目：螟蛾科）和冈比亚按蚊（双翅目：蚊科），这表明在昆虫中的广泛影响。Glycoprotein降低G.结果表明，该方法可以有效地抑制新生隐球菌感染后的大蜡螟幼虫，并减少血淋巴中形成的黑化结节的大小，这通常有助于消除感染。甘草酸还增加了A.冈比亚蚊子，改变了未感染蚊子的生存，扰乱了成年蚊子中肠的微生物组成。我们的研究结果表明，草甘膦的黑色素抑制机制涉及抗氧化剂的协同作用和破坏反应的氧化还原平衡。总的来说，这些发现表明，草甘膦的环境积累可能使昆虫更容易受到微生物病原体的影响，这是由于黑色素抑制、免疫损伤和微生物群组成的扰动，可能导致昆虫种群的减少。草甘膦是世界上最常用的除草剂，它能抑制黑色素的产生。黑色素是一种重要的色素，也是昆虫免疫系统的关键组成部分;这项研究表明，草甘膦削弱了昆虫基于黑色素的免疫系统，使它们更容易受到感染，包括人类疟疾寄生虫恶性疟原虫。
Melanin, a black-brown pigment found throughout all kingdoms of life, has diverse biological functions including UV protection, thermoregulation, oxidant scavenging, arthropod immunity, and microbial virulence. Given melanin’s broad roles in the biosphere, particularly in insect immune defenses, it is important to understand how exposure to ubiquitous environmental contaminants affects melanization. Glyphosate—the most widely used herbicide globally—inhibits melanin production, which could have wide-ranging implications in the health of many organisms, including insects. Here, we demonstrate that glyphosate has deleterious effects on insect health in 2 evolutionary distant species, Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae), suggesting a broad effect in insects. Glyphosate reduced survival of G. mellonella caterpillars following infection with the fungus Cryptococcus neoformans and decreased the size of melanized nodules formed in hemolymph, which normally help eliminate infection. Glyphosate also increased the burden of the malaria-causing parasite Plasmodium falciparum in A. gambiae mosquitoes, altered uninfected mosquito survival, and perturbed the microbial composition of adult mosquito midguts. Our results show that glyphosate’s mechanism of melanin inhibition involves antioxidant synergy and disruption of the reaction oxidation–reduction balance. Overall, these findings suggest that glyphosate’s environmental accumulation could render insects more susceptible to microbial pathogens due to melanin inhibition, immune impairment, and perturbations in microbiota composition, potentially contributing to declines in insect populations. Glyphosate, the most commonly used herbicide in the world, inhibits the production of melanin. Melanin is an important pigment and a key component of the insect immune system; this study shows that glyphosate weakens insects’ melanin-based immune system and makes them more vulnerable to infections, including with the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum.
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影响因子：
4.6
作者：
Bando, Hironori;Okado, Kiyoshi;Guelbeogo, Wamdaogo M.;Badolo, Athanase;Aonuma, Hiroka;Nelson, Bryce;Fukumoto, Shinya;Xuan, Xuenan;Sagnon, N'Fale;Kanuka, Hirotaka
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
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影响因子：
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肠道共生细菌粘质沙雷氏菌通过激活蚊子免疫反应使蚊子对疟原虫感染产生抵抗力
影响因子：
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作者：
Bai, Liang;Wang, Lili;Wang, Sibao
通讯作者：
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