Targeting carbon for crop yield and drought resilience.
Targeting carbon for crop yield and drought resilience.
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DOI：
10.1002/jsfa.8501
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发表时间：
2017-11
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Paul MJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Griffiths CA;Paul MJ
目前的作物改良方法跟不上预计的人口增长速度。育种以茎高和抗病性的关键性状为重点，实现了20世纪60年代绿色革命的阶梯式产量提高。然而，随后，通过传统育种增加的产量一直低于预计到2050年每年2.4%的需求。主要针对除草剂耐受性和抗虫性的基因改造（GM）已经具有变革性，类似于第二次绿色革命，尽管转基因本身尚未在内在产量过程中取得重大进展。干旱对全球作物产量造成了重大限制，但迄今为止，干旱并没有从遗传改良中得到实质性的好处，仍然是农业面临的重大挑战。关于干旱如何限制产量的复杂过程，以及应该以什么为目标，还有很多需要了解的。如果不对农业环境进行重大修改，就不能将自然环境的干旱适应机制引入作物，因为耐旱机制往往与农业所需的高生产力机制形成对比。然而，通过基础科学和转化科学的融合，似乎可以修改作物中蔗糖分配的机制，以提高生产力和对干旱和其他胁迫的抵御能力。最近的出版物展示了如何通过转基因、自然变异和一种新的化学方法来靶向这种机制。在这里，以干旱为重点，我们强调如何理解关于作物如何生长、发育以及限制其生长和产量的基础科学，并将其与有针对性的遗传选择和开创性的化学干预技术相结合，以实现变革性产量提高。©2017作者。由John Wiley & Sons Ltd代表化学工业协会出版的《食品与农业科学杂志》。
Current methods of crop improvement are not keeping pace with projected increases in population growth. Breeding, focused around key traits of stem height and disease resistance, delivered the step‐change yield improvements of the green revolution of the 1960s. However, subsequently, yield increases through conventional breeding have been below the projected requirement of 2.4% per year required by 2050. Genetic modification (GM) mainly for herbicide tolerance and insect resistance has been transformational, akin to a second green revolution, although GM has yet to make major inroads into intrinsic yield processes themselves. Drought imposes the major restriction on crop yields globally but, as yet, has not benefited substantially from genetic improvement and still presents a major challenge to agriculture. Much still has to be learnt about the complex process of how drought limits yield and what should be targeted. Mechanisms of drought adaptation from the natural environment cannot be taken into crops without significant modification for the agricultural environment because mechanisms of drought tolerance are often in contrast with mechanisms of high productivity required in agriculture. However, through convergence of fundamental and translational science, it would appear that a mechanism of sucrose allocation in crops can be modified for both productivity and resilience to drought and other stresses. Recent publications show how this mechanism can be targeted by GM, natural variation and a new chemical approach. Here, with an emphasis on drought, we highlight how understanding fundamental science about how crops grow, develop and what limits their growth and yield can be combined with targeted genetic selection and pioneering chemical intervention technology for transformational yield improvements. © 2017 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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影响因子：
7.2
作者：
Figueroa, Carlos M.;Feil, Regina;Lunn, John E.
通讯作者：
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影响因子：
56.9
作者：
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影响因子：
13.8
作者：
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影响因子：
2.3
作者：
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通讯作者：
BLUM, A
影响因子：
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作者：
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