Age of first exposure to American football and long-term neuropsychiatric and cognitive outcomes.
Age of first exposure to American football and long-term neuropsychiatric and cognitive outcomes.
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DOI：
10.1038/tp.2017.197
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发表时间：
2017-09-19
影响因子：
6.8
通讯作者：
Stern RA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Alosco ML;Kasimis AB;Stamm JM;Chua AS;Baugh CM;Daneshvar DH;Robbins CA;Mariani M;Hayden J;Conneely S;Au R;Torres A;McClean MD;McKee AC;Cantu RC;Mez J;Nowinski CJ;Martin BM;Chaisson CE;Tripodis Y;Stern RA
先前的研究表明，首次接触足球的年龄 (AFE) 在 12 岁之前可能具有长期的临床影响；然而，这种关系仅在前职业足球运动员的小样本中得到检验。我们在一大群前业余和职业足球运动员中研究了 AFE 与足球以及行为、情绪和认知之间的关联。样本包括 214 名没有其他接触运动历史的前足球运动员。参与者完成了成人电话认知简要测试（BTACT），以及自我报告的执行功能和行为调节测量（执行功能行为评定量表-成人版元认知指数（MI）、行为调节指数（BRI））、抑郁（流行病学研究中心抑郁量表（CES-D））和冷漠（冷漠评估量表（AES））。结果是连续的，并且根据临床受损分为两类。 AFE分为<12和⩾12，并连续检查。控制年龄、教育程度和比赛持续时间的多变量混合效应回归显示，12 岁之前参加足球的 AFE 与除 BTACT 之外的所有指标上临床受损分数增加 >2 倍的几率相对应：（比值比 (OR)，95% 置信区间 (CI)：BRI，2.16,1.19–3.91；MI，2.10,1.17–3.76；CES-D， 3.08,1.65–5.76; AES，2.39,1.32–4.32）。年轻的 AFE 预测 AES（OR，95% CI：0.86，0.76–0.97）和 CES-D（OR，95% CI：0.85，0.74–0.97）临床损伤的几率增加。 AFE 和最高水平的比赛之间没有互动。在 214 名前美国橄榄球运动员中，年轻的 AFE（尤其是 12 岁之前）与自我报告的神经精神和执行功能受损的几率增加有关。纵向研究将为青少年足球政策和安全决策提供信息。
Previous research suggests that age of first exposure (AFE) to football before age 12 may have long-term clinical implications; however, this relationship has only been examined in small samples of former professional football players. We examined the association between AFE to football and behavior, mood and cognition in a large cohort of former amateur and professional football players. The sample included 214 former football players without other contact sport history. Participants completed the Brief Test of Adult Cognition by Telephone (BTACT), and self-reported measures of executive function and behavioral regulation (Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Adult Version Metacognition Index (MI), Behavioral Regulation Index (BRI)), depression (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D)) and apathy (Apathy Evaluation Scale (AES)). Outcomes were continuous and dichotomized as clinically impaired. AFE was dichotomized into <12 and ⩾12, and examined continuously. Multivariate mixed-effect regressions controlling for age, education and duration of play showed AFE to football before age 12 corresponded with >2 × increased odds for clinically impaired scores on all measures but BTACT: (odds ratio (OR), 95% confidence interval (CI): BRI, 2.16,1.19–3.91; MI, 2.10,1.17–3.76; CES-D, 3.08,1.65–5.76; AES, 2.39,1.32–4.32). Younger AFE predicted increased odds for clinical impairment on the AES (OR, 95% CI: 0.86, 0.76–0.97) and CES-D (OR, 95% CI: 0.85, 0.74–0.97). There was no interaction between AFE and highest level of play. Younger AFE to football, before age 12 in particular, was associated with increased odds for impairment in self-reported neuropsychiatric and executive function in 214 former American football players. Longitudinal studies will inform youth football policy and safety decisions.
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影响因子：
2
作者：
Gavett BE;Crane PK;Dams-O'Connor K
通讯作者：
Dams-O'Connor K
影响因子：
3.8
作者：
Cobb, Bryan R.;Urban, Jillian E.;Stitzel, Joel D.
通讯作者：
Stitzel, Joel D.
影响因子：
4.2
作者：
Gardner, Raquel C.;Hess, Christopher P.;Rabinovici, Gil D.
通讯作者：
Rabinovici, Gil D.
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Ducharme, Simon;Albaugh, Matthew D.;Karama, Sherif
通讯作者：
Karama, Sherif
影响因子：
1.7
作者：
Epstein, HT
通讯作者：
Epstein, HT