Increasing Accumulation of Perfluorocarboxylate Contaminants Revealed in an Antarctic Firn Core (1958-2017).

Increasing Accumulation of Perfluorocarboxylate Contaminants Revealed in an Antarctic Firn Core (1958-2017).
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DOI:
10.1021/acs.est.2c02592
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发表时间:
2022-08-16
影响因子:
11.4
通讯作者:
Wynn, Peter
Wynn, Peter
中科院分区:
环境科学与生态学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Garnett, Jack;Halsall, Crispin;Winton, Holly;Joerss, Hanna;Mulvaney, Robert;Ebinghaus, Ralf;Frey, Markus;Jones, Anna;Leeson, Amber;Wynn, Peter

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全氟烷基酸(PFAA)是一种具有各种工业和消费应用的合成化学品,目前广泛分布于全球环境中。在这里,我们报告的测量六个全氟羧酸盐(PFCA,C4-C9)在积雪(颗粒状压缩雪)从非沿海,高海拔地区在南极洲东部的德龙宁毛德地收集的核心。从1958年到2017年,提取的核心的积雪积累,这一时期与聚/全氟烷基化物质(包括PFAA)的全球工业生产的出现,使用和地理转移相吻合。我们观察到,在这段时间内,雪中PFCA的积累不断增加,全氟辛酸盐(PFOA,C8)和壬酸盐(PFNA,C9)的化学通量在2009-2013年达到峰值,尽管最近全球削减了这些化学品的生产,但几乎没有证据表明这些化学品的减少。与此相反,全氟丁酸(PFBA,C4)的水平显着增加,自2000年以来,最高通量的最上层的雪层。这些发现与以前在北极地区的发现一致,可以归因于氯氟烃替代品(例如,氢氟醚),这是全球监管的意外后果。全氟羧酸在遥远的南极雪核中的积累越来越多,尽管国际上对其生产进行了管制。
Perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) are synthetic chemicals with a variety of industrial and consumer applications that are now widely distributed in the global environment. Here, we report the measurement of six perfluorocarboxylates (PFCA, C4–C9) in a firn (granular compressed snow) core collected from a non-coastal, high-altitude site in Dronning Maud Land in Eastern Antarctica. Snow accumulation of the extracted core dated from 1958 to 2017, a period coinciding with the advent, use, and geographical shift in the global industrial production of poly/perfluoroalkylated substances, including PFAA. We observed increasing PFCA accumulation in snow over this time period, with chemical fluxes peaking in 2009–2013 for perfluorooctanoate (PFOA, C8) and nonanoate (PFNA, C9) with little evidence of a decline in these chemicals despite supposed recent global curtailments in their production. In contrast, the levels of perfluorobutanoate (PFBA, C4) increased markedly since 2000, with the highest fluxes in the uppermost snow layers. These findings are consistent with those previously made in the Arctic and can be attributed to chlorofluorocarbon replacements (e.g., hydrofluoroethers) as an inadvertent consequence of global regulation. Perfluorocarboxylic acids show increasing accumulation in a remote Antarctic firn core despite international regulation on their production.
DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b03006
发表时间: 2019-08-06
影响因子: 11.4
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影响因子: 2.9
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发表时间: 2009-09-01
影响因子: 11.4
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