Increasing Accumulation of Perfluorocarboxylate Contaminants Revealed in an Antarctic Firn Core (1958-2017).
Increasing Accumulation of Perfluorocarboxylate Contaminants Revealed in an Antarctic Firn Core (1958-2017).
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DOI:
10.1021/acs.est.2c02592
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发表时间:
2022-08-16
影响因子:
11.4
通讯作者:
Wynn, Peter
中科院分区:
文献类型:
--
作者:
Garnett, Jack;Halsall, Crispin;Winton, Holly;Joerss, Hanna;Mulvaney, Robert;Ebinghaus, Ralf;Frey, Markus;Jones, Anna;Leeson, Amber;Wynn, Peter
Perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) are synthetic chemicals with a variety of industrial and consumer applications that are now widely distributed in the global environment. Here, we report the measurement of six perfluorocarboxylates (PFCA, C4–C9) in a firn (granular compressed snow) core collected from a non-coastal, high-altitude site in Dronning Maud Land in Eastern Antarctica. Snow accumulation of the extracted core dated from 1958 to 2017, a period coinciding with the advent, use, and geographical shift in the global industrial production of poly/perfluoroalkylated substances, including PFAA. We observed increasing PFCA accumulation in snow over this time period, with chemical fluxes peaking in 2009–2013 for perfluorooctanoate (PFOA, C8) and nonanoate (PFNA, C9) with little evidence of a decline in these chemicals despite supposed recent global curtailments in their production. In contrast, the levels of perfluorobutanoate (PFBA, C4) increased markedly since 2000, with the highest fluxes in the uppermost snow layers. These findings are consistent with those previously made in the Arctic and can be attributed to chlorofluorocarbon replacements (e.g., hydrofluoroethers) as an inadvertent consequence of global regulation. Perfluorocarboxylic acids show increasing accumulation in a remote Antarctic firn core despite international regulation on their production.
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影响因子:
11.4
作者:
Casal, Paulo;Casas, Gemma;Dachs, Jordi
通讯作者:
Dachs, Jordi
影响因子:
4.5
作者:
Del Vento, Sabino;Halsall, Crispin;Dachs, Jordi
通讯作者:
Dachs, Jordi
DOI:
10.3189/172756402781816474
发表时间:
2002-01-01
期刊:
ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY, VOL 35
影响因子:
--
作者:
Göktas, F;Fischer, H;Miller, H
通讯作者:
Miller, H
影响因子:
2.9
作者:
Hurley, MD;Ball, JC;Mabury, SA
通讯作者:
Mabury, SA
影响因子:
11.4
作者:
Dreyer, Annekatrin;Weinberg, Ingo;Ebinghaus, Ralf
通讯作者:
Ebinghaus, Ralf