A history of violence: magma incubation, timing and tephra distribution of the Los Chocoyos supereruption (Atitlán Caldera, Guatemala)

A history of violence: magma incubation, timing and tephra distribution of the Los Chocoyos supereruption (Atitlán Caldera, Guatemala)
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暴力史:Los Chocoyos 超级喷发的岩浆孕育、时间和火山灰分布(危地马拉阿蒂特兰火山口)

DOI:
10.1002/jqs.3265
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发表时间:
2021
影响因子:
2.3
通讯作者:
K. L.
K. L.
中科院分区:
地球科学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Cisneros de León;Schindlbeck‐Belo;Kutterolf;Danišík;Schmitt;Freundt;Pérez;Harvey;K. L.

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从阿提兰火山口(危地马拉)喷发的顶峰LosChocoyos(LCY)喷发是第四纪的关键年代地层标志,因为它的沉积物广泛分布到太平洋和大西洋。尽管LCY Tephra是一个重要的标志层,但这次喷发的放射性同位素年龄仍然难以捉摸。利用锆石(U-Th)/He年代学,首次确定了LCY的放射性同位素喷发年龄为75 ± 2ka。此外,其各自样品中最年轻的锆石结晶年龄238U-230边框年龄限制了另外两个从阿提特兰破火山口喷发的特弗拉单元的喷发年龄最大值,分别是W-Fall喷发(130+16/−14ka)和I-Fall喷发(56+8.2/−7.7ka),它们分别位于Lys Tephra之下和之上。此外,边缘和内部的锆石测年和玻璃化学表明,在喷发前,硅质岩浆的储存时间为>80 Kyr,岩浆堆积在INCA达到顶峰。在LCY喷发之前35KYR,在此期间该系统可能发展为垂直带状的岩浆室。根据LCY火山碎屑沉积物的最新分布,获得了新的保守估计体积~1220 ± 150 Km3(火山爆炸性指数VEI > 8),证实了LCY喷发是中美洲第一次被确认的超级喷发。
The climactic Los Chocoyos (LCY) eruption from Atitlán caldera (Guatemala) is a key chronostratigraphic marker for the Quaternary period given the extensive distribution of its deposits that reached both the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. Despite LCY tephra being an important marker horizon, a radioisotopic age for this eruption has remained elusive. Using zircon (U–Th)/He geochronology, we present the first radioisotopically determined eruption age for the LCY of 75 ± 2 ka. Additionally, the youngest zircon crystallization238U–230Th rim ages in their respective samples constrain eruption age maxima for two other tephra units that erupted from Atitlán caldera, W‐Fall (130+16/−14ka) and I‐Fall eruptions (56+8.2/−7.7ka), which under‐ and overlie LCY tephra, respectively. Moreover, rim and interior zircon dating and glass chemistry suggest that before eruption silicic magma was stored for >80 kyr, with magma accumulation peaking withinca. 35 kyr before the LCY eruption during which the system may have developed into a vertically zoned magma chamber. Based on an updated distribution of LCY pyroclastic deposits, a new conservatively estimated volume of ~1220 ± 150 km3is obtained (volcanic explosivity index VEI > 8), which confirms the LCY eruption as the first‐ever recognized supereruption in Central America.
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