Complex charges, time reversal asymmetry, and interior-boundary conditions in quantum field theory

Complex charges, time reversal asymmetry, and interior-boundary conditions in quantum field theory
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量子场论中的复电荷、时间反转不对称性和内部边界条件

DOI:
10.1088/1751-8121/ab034c
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发表时间:
2019
期刊:
Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
R. Tumulka
R. Tumulka
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
J. Schmidt;R. Tumulka

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虽然基本的物理现实的哈密尔顿算子在时间反演下应该是不变的,但时间不对称的哈密尔顿算子可以作为数学可能性或有效哈密尔顿算子出现。在这里,我们研究的条件下,涉及粒子的创建和湮灭,在量子场论(QFT)中出现的非相对论性哈密顿量,是时间不对称的。事实证明,时间反演算子T可以比复共轭更复杂,这导致了一个问题,即哪些标准决定了时间反演的正确作用。我们使用Bohmian轨迹为此目的,并表明,时间反演对称性可以被打破时,收费被允许是复数,其中“收费”是指在QFT的耦合常数,管理与费米子发射和吸收玻色子的强度。我们特别注意的技术,定义粒子创建的基础上走廊边界条件的哈密顿量,我们发现他们一般是时间不对称的。具体来说,我们表明,复杂的收费时间不对称时,并非所有的费用有相等或相反的相位。我们进一步表明,在这种情况下,相应的基态可以有非零概率电流,我们确定的有效电位之间的费米子的复杂的电荷。
While fundamental physically realistic Hamiltonians should be invariant under time reversal, time asymmetric Hamiltonians can occur as mathematical possibilities or effective Hamiltonians. Here, we study conditions under which non-relativistic Hamiltonians involving particle creation and annihilation, as come up in quantum field theory (QFT), are time asymmetric. It turns out that the time reversal operator T can be more complicated than just complex conjugation, which leads to the question which criteria determine the correct action of time reversal. We use Bohmian trajectories for this purpose and show that time reversal symmetry can be broken when charges are permitted to be complex numbers, where'charge'means the coupling constant in a QFT that governs the strength with which a fermion emits and absorbs bosons. We pay particular attention to the technique for defining Hamiltonians with particle creation based on interior-boundary conditions, and we find them to generically be time asymmetric. Specifically, we show that time asymmetry for complex charges occurs whenever not all charges have equal or opposite phase. We further show that, in this case, the corresponding ground states can have non-zero probability currents, and we determine the effective potential between fermions of complex charge.
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DOI: --
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期刊: Philosophia Scientiæ
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