Complex charges, time reversal asymmetry, and interior-boundary conditions in quantum field theory
Complex charges, time reversal asymmetry, and interior-boundary conditions in quantum field theory
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量子场论中的复电荷、时间反转不对称性和内部边界条件
DOI:
10.1088/1751-8121/ab034c
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发表时间:
2019
期刊:
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
R. Tumulka
中科院分区:
文献类型:
--
作者:
J. Schmidt;R. Tumulka
While fundamental physically realistic Hamiltonians should be invariant under time reversal, time asymmetric Hamiltonians can occur as mathematical possibilities or effective Hamiltonians. Here, we study conditions under which non-relativistic Hamiltonians involving particle creation and annihilation, as come up in quantum field theory (QFT), are time asymmetric. It turns out that the time reversal operator T can be more complicated than just complex conjugation, which leads to the question which criteria determine the correct action of time reversal. We use Bohmian trajectories for this purpose and show that time reversal symmetry can be broken when charges are permitted to be complex numbers, where'charge'means the coupling constant in a QFT that governs the strength with which a fermion emits and absorbs bosons. We pay particular attention to the technique for defining Hamiltonians with particle creation based on interior-boundary conditions, and we find them to generically be time asymmetric. Specifically, we show that time asymmetry for complex charges occurs whenever not all charges have equal or opposite phase. We further show that, in this case, the corresponding ground states can have non-zero probability currents, and we determine the effective potential between fermions of complex charge.
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DOI:
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发表时间:
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期刊:
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Springer INdAM Series
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Philosophia Scientiæ
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