In Nonparametric and High-Dimensional Models, Bayesian Ignorability is an Informative Prior

In Nonparametric and High-Dimensional Models, Bayesian Ignorability is an Informative Prior
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在非参数和高维模型中,贝叶斯可忽略性是一个信息丰富的先验

DOI:
10.1080/01621459.2023.2278202
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发表时间:
2023
影响因子:
3.7
通讯作者:
Linero, Antonio R.
Linero, Antonio R.
中科院分区:
数学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Linero, Antonio R.

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在有大量缺失数据的问题中,我们必须对两个不同的数据生成过程进行建模:生成响应的结果过程和确定我们观察到的数据的缺失数据机制。然而,在鲁宾的可验证性条件下,基于似然性的结果过程推断不依赖于缺失数据机制,因此只需要估计前者;部分由于这种简化,可验证性通常被用作基线假设。我们研究的影响,贝叶斯可验证性的存在下,高维滋扰参数,并认为,可验证性通常是不兼容的混淆偏见的数量与明智的先验信念。我们表明,对于许多问题,可验证性直接意味着选择偏差的先验紧密集中在零附近。这是证明了几个模型的实际利益,和后验分布的可验证性的效果的特点是高维线性模型与岭回归先验。然后,我们展示了如何建立高维模型,编码关于混淆偏差的合理信念,并表明在某些狭窄的情况下,可解释性是不太成问题的。本文的补充材料可在网上查阅。
In problems with large amounts of missing data one must model two distinct data generating processes: the outcome process, which generates the response, and the missing data mechanism, which determines the data we observe. Under theignorabilitycondition of Rubin, however, likelihood-based inference for the outcome process does not depend on the missing data mechanism so that only the former needs to be estimated; partially because of this simplification, ignorability is often used as a baseline assumption. We study the implications of Bayesian ignorability in the presence of high-dimensional nuisance parameters and argue that ignorability is typically incompatible with sensible prior beliefs about the amount of confounding bias. We show that, for many problems, ignorability directly implies that the prior on the selection bias is tightly concentrated around zero. This is demonstrated on several models of practical interest, and the effect of ignorability on the posterior distribution is characterized for high-dimensional linear models with a ridge regression prior. We then show both how to build high-dimensional models that encode sensible beliefs about the confounding bias and also show that under certain narrow circumstances ignorability is less problematic. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.
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