Fractal-related assembly of the axial filament in the demosponge Suberites domuncula: relevance to biomineralization and the formation of biogenic silica.

Fractal-related assembly of the axial filament in the demosponge Suberites domuncula: relevance to biomineralization and the formation of biogenic silica.
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Suberites domunula 中轴丝的分形相关组装:与生物矿化和生物二氧化硅形成的相关性

DOI:
10.1016/j.biomaterials.2007.06.030
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发表时间:
2007
期刊:
影响因子:
14
通讯作者:
Schröder HC
Schröder HC
中科院分区:
工程技术1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Müller WEG;Boreiko A;Schloßmacher U;Wang X;Tahir MN;Tremel W;Brandt D;Kaandorp JA;Schröder HC

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海绵(多孔动物)的硅质骨针在大小、形状和形式上有很大的变化;它们构成了这些动物的主要支撑框架;这些骨骼元素是由硅酸盐酶合成的。每种海绵至少合成两种硅酸盐,分别称为−α和−β。本研究以土海绵Suberites domuncula为材料,研究了轴丝中的硅酸盐是否对骨针的形状形成有影响。对于这些实验,通过新的Tris/甘油提取程序分离天然硅酸盐。通过这种方法分离的硅酸盐蛋白是单体(24 kDa),但很容易通过非共价键形成二聚体;它们显示出相当大的蛋白水解活性,在蛋白质的聚合阶段增加。组装的硅酸盐蛋白(二聚体,四聚体以及六聚体)可以在酶谱中证明。从分解的硅酸盐蛋白形成的细丝/聚集体可以通过光学显微镜和透射电子显微镜(TEM)分析来观察。在S. domuncula silicatein-α在轴丝中的丰度是silicatein-β的四倍,我们认为四个silicatein形成了一个平台,丝氨酸簇指向中心。这些共轴排列的silicatein的丝氨酸与silicatein-β相互作用。我们的结论是,最初的silicateins重新组装混乱,并在第二阶段,为了自己的分形结构,随后形成的长丝。
The siliceous spicules of sponges (Porifera) show great variations of sizes, shapes and forms; they constitute the chief supporting framework of these animals; these skeletal elements are synthesized enzymatically by silicatein. Each sponge species synthesizes at least two silicateins, which are termed −α and −β. In the present study, using the demosponge Suberites domuncula, we studied if the silicateins of the axial filament contribute to the shape formation of the spicules. For these experiments native silicateins have been isolated by a new Tris/glycerol extraction procedure. Silicateins isolated by this procedure are monomeric (24kDa), but readily form dimers through non-covalent linkages; they show a considerable proteolytic activity that increases during the polymerization phase of the protein. The assembled silicateins (dimers, tetramers as well as hexamers) can be demonstrated in zymograms. The filament/aggregate formation from disassembled silicatein can be visualized by light microscopy and by transmission electron microscopic (TEM) analyses. Since in S. domuncula silicatein-α is four times more abundant in the axial filament than silicatein-β we propose that four silicateins form a platform with serine clusters directed to the center. These serines of the con-axially arranged silicateins interact with silicatein-β. We conclude that initially the silicateins re-assemble chaotically, and in the second phase order themselves to fractal-like structures, which subsequently form the filaments.
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