Gelechiidae moths are capable of chemically dissolving the pollen of their host plants: first documented sporopollenin breakdown by an animal.
Gelechiidae moths are capable of chemically dissolving the pollen of their host plants: first documented sporopollenin breakdown by an animal.
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花蛾能够化学溶解寄主植物的花粉：首次记录到动物对孢粉素的分解
DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0019219
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发表时间：
2011-04-28
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Renner SS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Luo S;Li Y;Chen S;Zhang D;Renner SS
研究背景许多昆虫以花粉表面的脂类和内含物为食，这些脂类和内含物可通过萌发孔进入。然而，花粉壁不会被破坏，因为它们由孢粉素组成，并且对物理和酶损伤具有高度抵抗力。在这里，我们报告，某些小鳞翅目昆虫化学溶解花粉粒与分泌物从他们的口器。方法/主要结果在中国热带地区的实地观察和实验表明，两种Deltophora（Gelechioidea）是两种叶下珠属（Phyllanthaceae）的唯一传粉者，其幼虫发育，成虫从其中获取花粉和花蜜。DNA序列将飞蛾和植物放在同一基因上，并证实幼虫是授粉飞蛾的幼虫;分子时钟年代测定表明飞蛾的进化枝比植物进化枝年轻。饥饿2-3天后，口器上有花粉的捕获蛾不再携带完整的花粉粒，扫描电镜照片显示其喙上有外壁碎片。GC-MS分析表明，叶和花中的主要挥发性成分为顺式-β-罗勒烯，但喙提取物的GC-MS分析未能发现明显的溶孢粉素化合物。一个候选者是乙醇胺，它存在于昆虫血淋巴中，被孢粉学家用来溶解孢粉素。结论/意义这是第一次报道任何昆虫，甚至任何动物化学溶解花粉。
Background Many insects feed on pollen surface lipids and contents accessible through the germination pores. Pollen walls, however, are not broken down because they consist of sporopollenin and are highly resistant to physical and enzymatic damage. Here we report that certain Microlepidoptera chemically dissolve pollen grains with exudates from their mouthparts. Methodology/Principal Findings Field observations and experiments in tropical China revealed that two species of Deltophora (Gelechioidea) are the exclusive pollinators of two species of Phyllanthus (Phyllanthaceae) on which their larvae develop and from which the adults take pollen and nectar. DNA sequences placed the moths and plants phylogenetically and confirmed that larvae were those of the pollinating moths; molecular clock dating suggests that the moth clade is younger than the plant clade. Captive moths with pollen on their mouthparts after 2-3 days of starvation no longer carried intact grains, and SEM photographs showed exine fragments on their proboscises. GC-MS revealed cis-β-ocimene as the dominant volatile in leaves and flowers, but GC-MS analyses of proboscis extracts failed to reveal an obvious sporopollenin-dissolving compound. A candidate is ethanolamine, which occurs in insect hemolymphs and is used to dissolve sporopollenin by palynologists. Conclusions/Significance This is the first report of any insect and indeed any animal chemically dissolving pollen.
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0837153100
发表时间：
2003-04-29
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Kato, M;Takimura, A;Kawakita, A
通讯作者：
Kawakita, A
DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2008.1226
发表时间：
2009-02-07
影响因子：
4.7
作者：
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通讯作者：
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.69.6.1403
发表时间：
1972-01-01
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
GILBERT, LE
通讯作者：
GILBERT, LE
影响因子：
0.9
作者：
GRUASCAVAGNETTO, C;KOHLER, E
通讯作者：
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影响因子：
1.9
作者：
PELLMYR, O;THIEN, LB;GROTH, I
通讯作者：
GROTH, I