Nutritional aspects of honey bee-collected pollen and constraints on colony development in the eastern Mediterranean
Nutritional aspects of honey bee-collected pollen and constraints on colony development in the eastern Mediterranean
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地中海东部蜜蜂采集花粉的营养状况及其对蜂群发展的限制
DOI：
10.1101/008524
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Avni D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Avni D
花粉是蜜蜂的主要蛋白质和脂质来源，营养贫乏的景观对蜂群的发展构成威胁。为了确定蜂群的营养需求，我们首次在群居昆虫中分析了蜂群采集花粉的年周期，并将其与蜂群工蜂产量和蜜蜂身体组成进行了比较。我们在以色列的7个地点分别监测了10个蜂群的每月蜜蜂产量，并在这4个地点的每一个地点的另外5个蜂群中每两个月捕获花粉。分析每个采样日期和地点的花粉混合物的重量、总蛋白质、总脂肪酸（FAs）和FA组成。与气候更温和的地区相比，地中海东部每年的蜂群增长率相对较高，约为30万至40万只。海拔较高的菌落生长速率较低。蚁后的产卵率似乎并没有限制生长，因为在有顶盖的产卵区，蚁后平均每天产卵2000枚，个别情况下产卵多达3300枚。花粉吸收量在不同地点和季节间存在显著差异，年平均每菌落的花粉吸收量为16.8 kg，蛋白质7.14 kg，脂肪677 g。花粉总蛋白含量为39.8%，总FA含量为3.8%。以每只蜜蜂使用的养分量表示的生产成本，亚油酸和蛋白质的变量最小，这表明它们是生产蜜蜂总数的最佳描述变量。秋季花粉中的亚麻酸含量相对较低，补充这种必需FA可能减轻潜在的营养缺乏症。亚油酸和亚麻酸的重要性与这些fa在采集的花粉中比在蜜蜂体内预期的营养物质中含量更高的趋势是一致的，这表明传粉者的营养需求与传粉植物提供的食物的营养价值之间存在着良好的调节。
Pollen is the main protein and lipid source for honey bees (Apis mellifera), and nutritionally impoverished landscapes pose a threat to colony development. To determine colony nutritional demands, we analyzed a yearly cycle of bee-collected pollen from colonies in the field and compared it to colony worker production and honey bee body composition, for the first time in social insects. We monitored monthly bee production in ten colonies at each of seven sites throughout Israel, and trapped pollen bi-monthly in five additional colonies at each of four of these sites. Pollen mixtures from each sampling date and site were analyzed for weight, total protein, total fatty acids (FAs), and FA composition. Compared to more temperate climates, the eastern Mediterranean allows a relatively high yearly colony growth of ca. 300,000–400,000 bees. Colonies at higher elevation above sea level showed lower growth rates. Queen egg-laying rate did not seem to limit growth, as peaks in capped brood areas showed that queens lay a prolific 2000 eggs a day on average, with up to 3300 eggs in individual cases. Pollen uptake varied significantly among sites and seasons, with an overall annual mean total 16.8 kg per colony, containing 7.14 kg protein and 677 g fat. Overall mean pollen protein content was high (39.8%), and mean total FA content was 3.8%. Production cost, as expressed by the amount of nutrient used per bee, was least variable for linoleic acid and protein, suggesting these as the best descriptive variables for total number of bees produced. Linolenic acid levels in pollen during the autumn were relatively low, and supplementing colonies with this essential FA may mitigate potential nutritional deficiency. The essentiality of linoleic and linolenic acids was consistent with these FAs’ tendency to be present at higher levels in collected pollen than in the expected nutrients in bee bodies, demonstrating a well-developed adjustment between pollinator nutritional demands and the nutritional value of food offered by pollinated plants.
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DOI：
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发表时间：
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期刊：
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影响因子：
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