Regressive evolution of the arthropod tritocerebral segment linked to functional divergence of the Hox gene labial

Regressive evolution of the arthropod tritocerebral segment linked to functional divergence of the Hox gene labial
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节肢动物三脑节的回归进化与Hox基因唇部的功能分化有关

DOI:
10.1098/rspb.2015.1162
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发表时间:
2015
期刊:
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Prpic NM
Prpic NM
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Pechmann M;Schwager EE;Turetzek N;Prpic NM

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中间节段是三脑节段的无肢版本,存在于所有昆虫的头部,而其他现存的节肢动物在三脑节段上保留了四肢(例如蜘蛛的足瓣)。一个多世纪以来,中间节段肢体丧失的进化起源一直困扰着动物学家。在这里,我们表明,通过干扰HOX基因的功能,可以在蜘蛛中产生一种插入节段样的表型。这将间隔段的起源与唇部的功能改变联系在一起。我们发现,在蜘蛛类中,tepidariorumthelabial基因有两个功能:一个是在蜘蛛和昆虫之间保存的头部组织维持功能,另一个是只有蜘蛛才有的足掌肢体促进和规范功能。这些结果表明,唇部最初对三脑节段的肢体形成至关重要,但它在昆虫祖先中失去了这一特殊的亚功能,导致了间隔段的肢体丧失。这种亚功能的丧失是避免通常与发育基因突变相关的不利多效性效应的一种方式,因此可能是加速倒退进化的一种常见机制。
The intercalary segment is a limbless version of the tritocerebral segment and is present in the head of all insects, whereas other extant arthropods have retained limbs on their tritocerebral segment (e.g. the pedipalp limbs in spiders). The evolutionary origin of limb loss on the intercalary segment has puzzled zoologists for over a century. Here we show that an intercalary segment-like phenotype can be created in spiders by interfering with the function of the Hox genelabial. This links the origin of the intercalary segment to a functional change inlabial. We show that in the spiderParasteatoda tepidariorumthelabialgene has two functions: one function in head tissue maintenance that is conserved between spiders and insects, and a second function in pedipalp limb promotion and specification, which is only present in spiders. These results imply thatlabialwas originally crucial for limb formation on the tritocerebral segment, but that it has lost this particular subfunction in the insect ancestor, resulting in limb loss on the intercalary segment. Such loss of a subfunction is a way to avoid adverse pleiotropic effects normally associated with mutations in developmental genes, and may thus be a common mechanism to accelerate regressive evolution.
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