Factors affecting the association between ambient concentrations and personal exposures to particles and gases.
Factors affecting the association between ambient concentrations and personal exposures to particles and gases.
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DOI：
10.1289/ehp.8422
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发表时间：
2006-05
影响因子：
10.4
通讯作者：
Suh HH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sarnat SE;Coull BA;Schwartz J;Gold DR;Suh HH
空气污染暴露评估研究的结果表明，环境细颗粒物[空气动力学直径≤ 2.5 μg（PM2.5）的颗粒物]，而不是环境气体，是相应的个人暴露的强有力的代理。对于颗粒物，个人-环境关联的强度可以因颗粒物成分和家庭通风水平而不同。然而，对于气体，如臭氧（O3），二氧化氮（NO2）和二氧化硫（SO2），家庭通风对个人环境的影响是未经测试的。我们测量了俄亥俄州斯图本维尔10名不吸烟的老年人24小时的个人暴露和相应的环境浓度，包括PM2.5、硫酸盐（SO 42 −）、元素碳、O3、NO2和SO2。我们发现周围的颗粒物浓度和相应的个人暴露之间有很强的关联。相比之下，虽然显着，大多数环境气体和相应的暴露之间的关联有低斜率和R2值，在秋季的个人环境NO2协会是温和的。对于颗粒物和气体，与低通风环境相比，大部分时间在高通风环境中的个人与环境的关联最高。交叉污染物模型表明，环境颗粒物浓度是颗粒物暴露比气体暴露更好的替代物。除了在秋季的环境NO2，这表明与个人暴露适度的关联，环境气体是穷人的代理气体和颗粒暴露。总之，我们的研究结果表明，a）通风可能是时间序列健康研究中影响程度的重要修正因素，B）基于24小时环境浓度的时间序列健康研究结果更容易解释颗粒物而不是气体。
Results from air pollution exposure assessment studies suggest that ambient fine particles [particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 μg (PM2.5)], but not ambient gases, are strong proxies of corresponding personal exposures. For particles, the strength of the personal–ambient association can differ by particle component and level of home ventilation. For gases, however, such as ozone (O3), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and sulfur dioxide (SO2), the impact of home ventilation on personal–ambient associations is untested. We measured 24-hr personal exposures and corresponding ambient concentrations to PM2.5, sulfate (SO42−), elemental carbon, O3, NO2, and SO2 for 10 nonsmoking older adults in Steubenville, Ohio. We found strong associations between ambient particle concentrations and corresponding personal exposures. In contrast, although significant, most associations between ambient gases and their corresponding exposures had low slopes and R2 values; the personal–ambient NO2 association in the fall season was moderate. For both particles and gases, personal–ambient associations were highest for individuals spending most of their time in high- compared with low-ventilated environments. Cross-pollutant models indicated that ambient particle concentrations were much better surrogates for exposure to particles than to gases. With the exception of ambient NO2 in the fall, which showed moderate associations with personal exposures, ambient gases were poor proxies for both gas and particle exposures. In combination, our results suggest that a) ventilation may be an important modifier of the magnitude of effect in time-series health studies, and b) results from time-series health studies based on 24-hr ambient concentrations are more readily interpretable for particles than for gases.
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DOI：
10.1164/ajrccm.158.2.9709034
发表时间：
1998-08-01
影响因子：
24.7
作者：
Gong, H;Wong, R;Prasad, SB
通讯作者：
Prasad, SB
影响因子：
10.4
作者：
Lubin JH;Colt JS;Camann D;Davis S;Cerhan JR;Severson RK;Bernstein L;Hartge P
通讯作者：
Hartge P
DOI：
10.1080/10473289.2005.10464631
发表时间：
2005-04-01
影响因子：
2.7
作者：
Connell, DP;Withum, JA;Bilonick, RA
通讯作者：
Bilonick, RA
DOI：
10.1080/10473289.2000.10464159
发表时间：
2000-07-01
影响因子：
2.7
作者：
Janssen, NAH;de Hartog, JJ;Pekkanen, J
通讯作者：
Pekkanen, J
影响因子：
4.9
作者：
Linaker, CH;Chauhan, AJ;Coggon, D
通讯作者：
Coggon, D