Epidemiologic evaluation of measurement data in the presence of detection limits.

Epidemiologic evaluation of measurement data in the presence of detection limits.
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DOI:
10.1289/ehp.7199
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发表时间:
2004-12
影响因子:
10.4
通讯作者:
Hartge P
Hartge P
中科院分区:
环境科学与生态学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Lubin JH;Colt JS;Camann D;Davis S;Cerhan JR;Severson RK;Bernstein L;Hartge P

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环境因素的定量测量极大地提高了流行病学研究的质量,但由于存在检测上限或下限或干扰化合物,无法提供准确的测量值,因此可能会构成挑战。我们考虑环境测量(因变量)对几个协变量(自变量)的回归。通常采用各种策略来推算间隔测量数据的值,包括将检测下限的一半分配给未检测到的值或从适当的分布中随机选择的“填充”值。在有限的模拟研究的基础上,我们发现前一种方法可能是有偏差的,除非低于检测下限的测量百分比很小(5%-10%)。填充法通常产生无偏参数估计,但当30%或更多的数据低于检测下限时,可能产生有偏的方差估计,从而扭曲推断。截断数据方法(例如,Tobit回归)和多重归因法为分析具有检测限的测量数据提供了两种无偏见的方法。如果只对回归参数感兴趣,则可以使用托比特回归。如果低于检测限值的测量值需要用于其他分析,如相对风险回归或图形显示,则多重归因法会产生无偏估计和名义可信区间,除非丢失数据的比例非常大。我们通过对非霍奇金淋巴瘤病例对照研究中的对照受试者地毯灰尘中农药残留的测量,说明了不同的方法。
Quantitative measurements of environmental factors greatly improve the quality of epidemiologic studies but can pose challenges because of the presence of upper or lower detection limits or interfering compounds, which do not allow for precise measured values. We consider the regression of an environmental measurement (dependent variable) on several covariates (independent variables). Various strategies are commonly employed to impute values for interval-measured data, including assignment of one-half the detection limit to nondetected values or of “fill-in” values randomly selected from an appropriate distribution. On the basis of a limited simulation study, we found that the former approach can be biased unless the percentage of measurements below detection limits is small (5–10%). The fill-in approach generally produces unbiased parameter estimates but may produce biased variance estimates and thereby distort inference when 30% or more of the data are below detection limits. Truncated data methods (e.g., Tobit regression) and multiple imputation offer two unbiased approaches for analyzing measurement data with detection limits. If interest resides solely on regression parameters, then Tobit regression can be used. If individualized values for measurements below detection limits are needed for additional analysis, such as relative risk regression or graphical display, then multiple imputation produces unbiased estimates and nominal confidence intervals unless the proportion of missing data is extreme. We illustrate various approaches using measurements of pesticide residues in carpet dust in control subjects from a case–control study of non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
DOI: 10.1038/sj.jea.7500307
发表时间: 2004-01-01
期刊: JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE ANALYSIS AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY
影响因子: --
作者:
Colt, JS;Lubin, J;Hartge, P
通讯作者: Hartge, P
DOI: 10.1016/s0168-583x(01)00614-0
发表时间: 2001-09-01
影响因子: 1.3
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通讯作者: Schauer, DA
DOI: 10.1016/s1352-2310(00)00474-x
发表时间: 2001-01-01
影响因子: 5
作者:
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通讯作者: Robertson, G
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发表时间: 2002-03-01
影响因子: 3.6
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发表时间: 2001-09-01
影响因子: 8.4
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Chay, KY;Powell, JL
通讯作者: Powell, JL